Starting your teaching career is an exciting adventure, but it can also feel overwhelming. When I first starting teaching high school science back in 2005, for example, I soon found myself struggling to succeed at (what I see today as) basic tasks, such as marking, lesson planning and managing behaviour. So many aspects of the job were completely new to me, despite the limited teaching experience I gained from the Army Cadet Force as a teenager. I even found it difficult to think straight with so many students making requests and needing attention at the same time. Even writing basic sentences on the classroom whiteboard, in a large and tidy format so that the students could read the words clearly, was a challenge for me at first!
The reassuring news is that every teacher makes mistakes – it’s part of the learning process. To give you a head start, here are ten of the most common rookie blunders new high school teachers make (and, that I have made at some point on my journey!), along with some friendly advice on how to avoid them!
1. Doing Too Much Marking
Marking mountains of work is a fast track to burnout. Many new teachers feel they need to mark everything in detail, but that’s not sustainable! Start exploring alternatives like peer assessment, self-assessment, verbal feedback or even automated tools like online quizzes. You could also try live marking during class, where you give immediate feedback as students work. This not only saves time but also boosts student understanding.
2. Trying to Be Too Friendly with Students
It’s natural to want to be liked by your students, but remember: you’re their teacher, not their buddy. Building rapport is important, but you still need to maintain a professional distance. Being too friendly can blur the lines, making it difficult to manage behavior or assert authority. Keep your role clear, and your students will respect you more in the long run.
3. Inappropriate Use of Social Media
We live in a digital world, and social media can be a fun way to share ideas, but it’s important to be cautious. Avoid posting anything that could reflect poorly on you, your school, or the profession. It’s always better to keep your personal and professional online presence separate. Remember: once it’s online, it’s forever!
4. Oversharing with Colleagues
It’s great to get to know your colleagues, but be mindful of what you share, especially in the early days. Oversharing personal information can blur professional boundaries and lead to awkward situations. Keep conversations friendly, but professional – save your deeper personal stories for your friends outside of work.
5. Not Pacing Lessons According to Long-Term Plans
Pacing is one of the trickiest things to get right. New teachers often get caught up in the moment, spending too much time on early topics and falling behind on their curriculum goals. It’s important to balance the desire to be thorough with the need to stick to long-term plans. Keep an eye on your timeline and adjust your lessons to stay on track.
6. Being Too Lenient with Grading
Being too kind with your grades can do more harm than good. New teachers sometimes grade work too generously, not realizing that they aren’t preparing their students for the higher standards of external exams. Make sure your grading reflects the rigor of official exam boards so students get used to working at the correct level.
7. Relying on Quickly Sourced Content from the Internet
The internet is a treasure trove of resources, but not everything online is classroom-ready. Some teachers fall into the trap of quickly grabbing videos, slides, or worksheets without checking them thoroughly. Always preview your resources before using them in class to ensure they’re accurate, appropriate, and aligned with your lesson goals.
8. Not Preparing Marking Schemes
Without a clear marking scheme, grading assessments can become a time-consuming nightmare. Having a well-prepared scheme not only saves you hours but also ensures consistency and fairness across all students. It’s worth the extra effort upfront to develop marking rubrics and criteria that make assessment straightforward and manageable.
9. Making Promises You Can’t Keep
As a new teacher, you want to impress your students, but making promises you can’t keep – like grading a mountain of work in just a few days – will quickly erode their trust. Be realistic with your deadlines and commitments. It’s always better to under-promise and over-deliver than the other way around!
10. Engaging in Gossip
Gossip can be tempting in any workplace, but in a school environment, it’s especially toxic. Avoid conversations that focus on negative chatter about colleagues, students, or policies. Instead, foster positive, professional relationships. Being a person of integrity will earn you respect from your peers and create a healthier working environmentgenerally.
As teachers, we often form strong connections with our students as we guide them on their learning journeys. This can be incredibly rewarding for us – we gain much joy from helping our students to improve. However, it’s essential to maintain a professional distance to ensure that our relationships with students remain appropriate and conducive to learning. The following ten guidelines, adapted from research by Willing and Haney (1994), provide a framework for maintaining this balance. Please note that William and Haney’s research was aimed at ABE (Adult Basic Education) teachers, so I have attempted to back-extrapolate the guidance to cover high-school teaching.
Before we begin
An important note on context before we start – the guidelines described in today’s blog post are exactly that – general principles to consider. ALWAYS follow your school’s official guidance regarding professional distance – and if you’re not sure about what the expectations are for a particular scenario, then seek advice from a member of your school’s senior leadership team.
Rule #1: Know Your Own Vulnerabilities
Understanding your own personal “shadows”; unmet needs, motivations, and expectations; is crucial. As teachers, we often enjoy the appreciation we receive from students, but it’s important to avoid crossing the line into a co-dependent relationship. Recognizing this helps ensure that your role remains that of an educator, not a confidant. Whilst our students may wish to divulge sensitive information to us, it’s important that this information is passed on to the appointed safeguarding individuals in your organization in a professional manner (more on this later).
Rule #2: Understand the Temporary Nature of the Relationship
Teaching is a temporary relationship. While it’s easy to feel close to students, allowing them to perceive you as a friend can imply a level of commitment that neither party is prepared to uphold. This understanding helps in setting clear boundaries from the outset.In addition to this, the teaching role requires there to be a level of authority present within the classroom – and that authority belongs in the hands of the teacher. It is difficult to exercise a level of authority when students perceive you as a ‘friend’. We are not our students’ friends – we are their educators, and that means our focus must be on maximizing our students’ attainment and progress, and not on anything else.
Rule #3: Know Professional Standards for Behaviour
Familiarize yourself with your institution’s guidelines for out-of-class interactions with students. These rules are in place to protect both you and your students, ensuring that all interactions remain professional.
If you are someone who is designing a child safeguarding policy for your school, or if you’re seeking extra guidance, then you should definitely familiarize yourself with national and international guidelines. Some useful documents are linked below:
Please note that these resources may be updated at any time, so make sure you are accessing the latest versions of the guidance.
Rule #4: Be Mindful of Your Communication
The way we communicate, through touch, language, or self-disclosure, sends messages to students. What might seem like a harmless gesture, or a casual conversation, can be misinterpreted, potentially blurring professional boundaries.
In the context of a high school teaching scenario, self-disclosure on the part of the teacher can be damaging – not least because it leads to excessive familiarity, which we should aim to avoid. Some forms of disclosure, such as describing the study habits and techniques we successfully implemented when we were students, may potentially be helpful to our learners – so, of course, there are levels to this! Revealing a personal story of pain and tragedy, however, may be not an appropriate activity for a lesson.
Seek official school guidance on the matter. In addition, when describing useful scenarios that involve a level of storytelling to students, you may wish to precede the description with….
Some people experience/find that…………………………..
In my experience, students who perform well do these things……………………..
I once knew someone who…………………………
Keeping stories in a kind of ‘third person’ context can help to maintain professional distance.
In terms of touch, it is essential that you adhere to your school’s Code of Conduct and guidance. In the majority of high-school scenarios, touch should NEVER be initiated by the teacher unless:
There is an educational purpose to the physical contact, such as adjusting body posture in a physical activity (e.g. adjusting a student’s stance in a martial arts lesson), music lesson (e.g. holding a violin bow correctly), art activity (e.g. holding a paintbrush correctly) or other scenarios. ALWAYS ask the students’ permission before initiating the physical contact and double-check with your school’s senior leadership team before beginning the course.
There’s an essential Health and Safety purpose, such as rescuing a child from drowning, administering first aid, preventing an accident (e.g. in science class) or other scenarios.
Rule #5: Express Clear Expectations
Clearly outline the time boundaries, the learning process, and what is expected from both you and your students. This helps in establishing a professional relationship where everyone knows their roles and responsibilities.
You may to consider giving your students some time to create a class list of expectations that everyone will agree to follow. In my experience, students will often approach this with maturity and will come up with sensible suggestions, such as….
We will raise our hands if we have questions, and we will not shout out.
We will not play on our phones in class, and we will ask for permission to use our phones if we need to.
We will complete our homework on time.
We will be punctual to class.
It may be useful to bring out this list from time to time during the academic year to remind the students of the rules and expectations they have come up with.
Rule #6: Consider Students’ Perceptions of Interaction
Recognize that students may interpret personal information sharing or familiar language as signs of a personal relationship. Understanding this helps you maintain a professional distance.
Rule #7: Be Aware of Cultural Differences
Cultural expectations regarding interactions between teachers and students can vary widely. What may seem normal in one culture could be inappropriate in another. Being culturally sensitive helps in maintaining professional relationships.
Rule #8: Use Names Appropriately
The use of first names or nicknames can unintentionally create a sense of intimacy, especially when it comes to how students are expected to address their teachers. Be mindful of how you address students too, as this can affect the professional nature of your relationship.Only use the students’ official names as recorded in the school register and double-check with a senior teacher if a student requests to be addressed by a different name. Check your school’s guidance on how students should address teachers, too.
Rule #9: Dress Professionally
Your attire sends messages about how seriously you take your role. Dressing too casually can give the impression that the educational process is not important, while overly provocative clothing can cause discomfort in diverse cultural settings.
Unfortunately, whilst the issue of teacher dress codes was pretty much cut-and-dry in the twentieth century and earlier, it has become quite a controversial topic to discuss in recent years. I think it is useful to remind ourselves that, as teachers, we are representing the process of education (not just our own personal fashion preferences) through the way that we choose to dress.
Case in Point: An Anchorage District teacher was put on administrative leave after posting a clip of herself in the classroom, on X. The clip was shared by the hugely popular Libs of Tik Tok account, and the teacher in question received much criticism online due to the way she was dressed at school. You can read the full story, here.You may also wish to read my blog post which contains guidance on how teachers should behave on social media, here.
Rule #10: Know Referral Resources
Familiarize yourself with resources available for student referral and how to guide students to them. This helps in addressing students’ issues without becoming personally involved in their problems.For example, you may be lucky enough to have a school counselor employed on-site that you can refer students to. If not, then look into official partnerships the school has with local agencies and professionals.
Conclusion
By following these guidelines, we can maintain a healthy balance between being approachable and upholding the professional standards necessary for effective teaching. It’s about fostering a positive learning environment while protecting both yourself and your students from unwanted issues.
Bibliography
Willing, D.C., & Haney, H. (1994). Maintaining “Professional Distance”: A Dilemma for the ABE Teacher. Developments, 10(4), 6-7. Available at: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED372265.pdf(Accessed: 18 August 2024).
As teachers, we are mindful of the omnipresent and aspirational societal expectations that we are constantly subject to. Whilst these expectations vary slightly from country to country and territory to territory, we are generally expected to be better behaved, more mature and more conservative than those who work in the majority of other professions, fields, trades and industries.
There are good reasons for this, of course. Children are guided by us and look up to us, so we have to be exceptional role models for them. In some countries, like the UK for example, we are even given the glistening designation of ‘Person of Good Standing’ and are even entrusted to sign people’s photographs to aid in their application for new passports.
Since we are expected to be so much, for so many people, this can leave many of us wondering how to seek out a new relationship partner. Are we allowed to have a dating profile, for example? What would happen if a member of the public recognised me on a dating app? Would they have grounds to complain to my school? Which dating apps are acceptable for teachers to use? Should we use more conservative dating apps, like Bumble, or can we go for apps that (unfortunately) have been tarnished with the reputation of being more ‘hookup’ focussed, like Tinder?
In this blog post I aim to answer these questions as best as I can.
What’s the official guidance on teacher conduct as it applies to dating app usage?
Whilst teaching regulatory bodies from various countries and jurisdictions have issued extensive guidance regarding teachers’ use of social media and electronic communication, there appears to be no specific government-issued guidance exclusively for teachers regarding dating apps at the time of writing. However, there are some general guidelines that have been issued by various educational and safety organisations that I will delineate below:
Schools generally have codes of conduct that include guidelines on social media use, which can (sometimes) extend to dating apps. Teachers should maintain strict privacy settings on their social media accounts and avoid mentioning their school or adding students and parents as ‘friends’ online. The guidelines outlined in a typical school’s Code of Conduct/Staff Handbook are intended to protect teachers’ professional reputations and prevent any potential conflicts or inappropriate interactions (Schools Week).
The UK Safer Internet Centre reiterates and emphasises the importance of online safety for educators. Teachers are advised to be cautious about the personal information they share online and to separate their professional and personal lives as much as possible. This extends to our behaviour on dating apps to ensure we do not compromise our professional integrity. They recommend not using location-based dating apps at work to avoid unintentional interactions with students or colleagues (UK Safer Internet Centre).
Although specifically for doctors and dentists, Health Education England has issued guidance that can be relevant to teachers as well. This guidance advises against using dating apps at work and highlights the risks of geolocation features on these apps, which can inadvertently expose users to colleagues or students. It also stresses the importance of maintaining professional standards online and avoiding any actions that could lead to reputational damage or legal issues (Health Education England North East).
My personal advice on this issue
The good news for all of us is that, in the absence of official government guidance specifically for teachers and their dating app usage, it would be challenging for any school to enact disciplinary procedures on the grounds that a teacher simply has a dating profile to begin with. However, the rules and expectations become blurry when considering how we should behave on such apps, as this does fall under the umbrella category of ‘acceptable social media usage’ and ‘acceptable electronic communication’. Here are my guidelines to keep teachers as safe as possible when using dating apps:
In the first instance, check your school’s Code of Conduct and Staff Handbook, to see if any mention is made of dating app usage. Also, check the employment contract you signed – that may also contain references to dating apps, and your contract may also legally bind you to the terms outlined in the Code of Conduct/Staff Handbook.
Most teachers won’t feel confident enough to ask their headteacher or a member of the Senior Leadership Team about guidance regarding dating app usage. After all, it’s a very personal topic and not something we want to raise at work, especially with our bosses! However, it may be a wise move to seek such advice (and get the guidelines in writing – as an email, for example) as at least then you’ll be clear about the school’s expectations. This written confirmation from your Headteacher or other senior leader will also serve as protection should a parent/student see your dating profile and complain in future. In the unlikely case of litigation being filed, that email you asked for could be a key piece of evidence for your defense lawyer to use in a court case.
Once you’ve been given the green light to actually have a dating profile to begin with (either through your inspection of school documents, such as your contract, or via a discussion with your Headteacher/Senior Leader), you then need to be mindful of your dating profile. Keep it clean, make sure your photos are clean and do not mention your school in the profile – you almost always need permission to mention any organization in a social media post. If you mention your school on your dating profile, then they could use that as a key piece of evidence in any disciplinary proceedings that they may wish to enact, should they discover your profile.
Whilst the guidance from the UK Safer Internet Centre and HEENE cited earlier advises teachers not use to location-based dating apps/to turn geolocation off, this is incredibly challenging as most dating apps these days require location services to be switched on. Where possible, however, use apps that do not require geolocationor, as a minimum safety protocol, do not use location-based dating apps whilst at work (we shouldn’t be accessing any dating app whilst at school, actually).
Watch out for the age-range of potential matches that you specify on the app. If you select, say, ‘Women aged 18 – 29′, then you may find that some high school students in your area may have made a profile specifying their age as ’18’ (even when they might be younger than that). Again, specifying an age range that begins at 18 could be problematic from a legal standpoint too, as it could be implied that you were knowingly searching for school-age children. Be sensible – set your matches for a respectable, non-debatable minimum adult age, say at 23 years or older. Watch out for default age-ranges for matches set by some dating apps too, as they often start at age 18.
Apps that rely on ‘swiping’, as opposed to openly accessible websites (where every profile is visible) are probably the safest for teachers. You’ll be exposed to fewer people who can see your information and such apps usually have a paywall in-place to ensure that only subscribed users can swipe on an unlimited number of profiles.
Utilise apps that rely heavily on payment for access, especially if payment is needed for messaging. If only paid members can message you, then that will exclude the overwhelming majority of unauthorised users who can see your information.
Do not put personal information on your dating app profile, such as social media links or phone numbers. Some apps will allow non-paying users to see this information, which can be problematic as students, parents and colleagues could potentially see your profile and message you on one of your chosen messaging apps (such as WhatsApp).
If you suspect that a student, parent or colleague has messaged you, then handle that professionally. Seek your school’s official guidance on the matter. In the case of a student/parent, it is probably best to take screenshots of the chat log and block the user, and then inform your school’s Designated Safeguarding Lead. In the case of a colleague, it may depend on the nature of the messages. Again, screenshot (for evidence), block and report if you feel that’s necessary.
Consider using dating apps that are specifically made for teachers (yes, they do exist!). Apps such as Edudate (which has even been featured on the Times Educational Supplement and BBC Radio 5 Live) and Just Teacher’s Dating are designed to help forge romantic connections between educators. If that sounds like your thing, then why not try it out?
Overall Conclusion
According to 2023 statistics from the Pew Research Center, around 53% of single individuals in the United States under 50 actively seeking relationships had an online dating service at that time or had used one within the past year. Dating apps are already a big part of our lives as adults seeking romantic connections, and their popularity seems set to continue to grow as the years go by.
As teachers, we need to be mindful of our special role in society and act in such a way as to protect ourselves when using dating apps. Seek your school’s guidance, keep your profile clean, do not share personal information on your profile, turn off geolocation (if you can) and keep everything behind paywalls if possible. Be mindful, also, of the age range of potential matches as set on your profile.
Anyone who is new to the teaching profession is bound to make mistakes. There’s so much to learn and so much is at stake: the future careers of young people are literally in your hands. The pressure can be overwhelming at times, and this can cause trainees to panic.
Relax! This blog post was made for you!
I will go through the top five mistakes that trainee high school teachers are making all over the world as I write this – and please do not be embarrassed if this article reads like a self-summary of what you are doing wrong at the moment. We’ve ALL been there. We’ve ALL made mistakes, and I’ve personally made every mistake in this list too (so I’m a real expert on this subject matter).
Let’s get started!
#1: Getting the marking balance wrong
We are eager to impress when we are trainees, but there’s no need for that eagerness to translate into late evenings, busy weekends and overloaded school holidays in which we are covering every piece of student work with lengthy written feedback. I’ve been there, and I can tell you from first-hand experience – it’s not worth it!
Grading every single piece of student work by hand is not the most effective, or efficient, means to provide feedback anyway. Consider utilising the following techniques:
‘Live’ Marking: This is a personal favorite of mine, as ardent followers of this blog and my podcast will know. The reason I love ‘live’ marking so much is because it is the ultimate feedback strategy – it’s efficient, personal and effective. It’s also simple to do – either walk around the class with a marking pen in your hand and mark student work in real-time, as they are doing a task, or call each student to your desk one at a time. Make sure you have a short conversation with each student as you write feedback on their work.
Verbal Feedback: This needs to be done properly, but it can be just as efficient and effective as ‘live’ marking. Have conversations with your students and either write/stamp ‘VF’ or ‘Verbal Feedback Given’ on the students’ work or (even better) ask the student to write down what you said in a different colour (e.g. “Mr Rogers said that I should label my diagrams using a ruler”). Since the students must process what you said in order to write down the feedback you have given, it acts as a great tool for building long-term memory.
Peer and self-assessment: Get your students to swap their work and mark each other’s or allow them the opportunity to assess their own work. Just make sure that the students have the official mark scheme/set of answers (otherwise this whole technique won’t work as efficiently as it should – and, before someone says it, no – I don’t think students should be spending time thinking about what the answer ‘should be’ and trying to upgrade answers without a mark scheme – unless you have a surplus of time in which to carry out this very exhaustive activity). Students should be encouraged to make corrections to wrong questions rather than just putting a cross or a zero next to answers, and they should be using a different coloured pen/text than the original answer was written in.
Automated assessment: There’s so much software available today that will set student work and grade it all for you. If your school has such systems available, then use them! Live quiz apps, such as Blooket, Kahoot!, Rolljak and others can be used for this purpose (set them in ‘assignment’ mode) as well as bespoke software such as MyMaths (for maths), Educake (for various subjects), Lexia Learning (for English) and others.
Learning Journals – as a recurring method of reflection, summarizing and revision, it really doesn’t get better than this. Used digitally (e.g., through Google Docs) or manually (e.g. through physical notebooks) learning journals offer stduents a creative and personal way to record their learning journeys. Make sure that you collect them in on the same day every week (or two weeks) and return them as per an agreed schedule too. In terms of satisfying a homework timetable, learning journals offer an interesting and feasible solution too – students are very unlikely to forget this ‘recurring’ homework due to its regularity and, due to their personable nature, learning journals can be really fun tools to work with. The students can fill them with whatever they like – mind maps, flash cards, past-paper questions, lists, etc.
The essential message here is to increase the range of assessment methods you are using – focusing heavily on efficiency and quality rather than how many scribbles you are able to pen onto student assignments during your weekends (which, by the way, is time that you should be spending relaxing).
I’ve written at length about efficient and effective marking strategies in the past. If you are interested in learning more about the various techniques available (and how to implement them), then check out these blog posts of mine:
My second book, entitled The Power of Praise: Empowering Students Through Positive Feedback, is also a great read if you are serious about exploring a range of feedback methods that that have a positive impact on your students’ learning experiences. Click on the image below to be taken to its Amazon page:
#2: Trying to be friends with the students
There’s a concept in education that has, unfortunately, become somewhat forgotten these days: Professional Distance.
The best description I could find on the concept of Professional Distance comes from an article by James Barron at start-teaching.com:
In the context of education, the concept of “professional distance” plays a vital role in maintaining clear boundaries between teachers and students. As emphasised by Gould and Roffey-Barentsen (2014), teachers must be mindful of preserving a degree of professional distance to prevent any blurring of lines between their personal lives and their roles as educators.
In today’s world of social media, IG influencers and digital side-hustles, maintaining Professional Distance between us and the students we teach has become more challenging than ever before. In essence, however, the fundamental concept is the same as it always was: whether you are a 22-year-old trainee or a 52-year-old seasoned educator, you are seen as an authority figure in the classroom. The students are NOT your friends. They are young people that we help, support and educate, and that’s where our professional relationship with them ends. We do not add them as friends on social media. We do not accept their follow requests. We do not chat with them on any non-school approved channel.
#3: Failing to consult with colleagues or line-managers
As a trainee teacher, or even a seasoned educator with twenty years under your belt, you are not expected to know everything. No question is too stupid to ask, so please ask!
I remember feeling really anxious one day as a relatively new 29-year-old teacher at an international school in Thailand. I had a question about the next topic to teach in a program of study, and I THOUGHT THAT MY HEAD OF DEPARTMENT WOULD THINK I WAS INCOMPETENT IF I ASKED ABOUT IT. Sure enough, after fretting over the issue for a day or two, I had to go and see him and ask about this – I needed the information.
I’ll never forget what he said at the end of the conversation: “Richard, I just want to say thank you for asking about this. Because when people don’t ask, they mess things up.”
Wow! That wasn’t what I had expected. My nervousness over asking questions, no matter how silly I thought they were, vanished that instant.
Your colleagues and line-managers will ALWAYS be your best resources at school. They will know how you should deal with certain students, back stories to issues, which printer to use and for what purpose, and who the key people are in school who can help you with other issues. This is why it is SO IMPORTANT for teachers to be cordial and collegiate with all staff at school.
#4: Engaging in gossip or inappropriate staffroom talk
Gossip is ALWAYS toxic. It generates distrust, adds to an overall atmosphere of negativity in a school and, worse: it can even get you fired. Gossip has this juicy allure to it that is very attractive – it reels people in and can often make one lower their normal professional defenses – causing people to add their ‘two cents’ worth without seriously considering their words beforehand.
Do not engage in gossip and stay away from people who gossip (if you can). Just your physical association with known gossipers can be a red flag for senior management – and, as a trainee teacher, you don’t want that!
I once remember sitting in the staffroom at a North Wales school during my PGCE (teacher training year) back in 2005. Two colleagues in my department had an altercation over something curriculum based and one teacher told the other to “F…. off”, in front of everyone!
The gossip soon followed the next day. Even the science technicians were in on it: “He should have received a slap for saying that” chirped one individual in the prep room that day. My Head of Department was there too, and I was being quiet and minding my own business (i.e. doing what you should do in this situation). Finally, he asked me, “What do you think about this whole thing, Richard”.
I replied with “I’m staying out of it. I have enough to focus on with my day-to-day work as it is.” (or something like that). My Head of Department was clearly impressed and responded with “That’s the best way to be, Richard”.
I later found out that he wrote a glowing review of my performance to my university.
In line with the subject of gossip is that of inappropriate information. You DO NOT need to share all of the details regarding your personal life with your colleagues – in fact, the less you share, the better!
One of my favourite quotes regarding this subject matter is as follows:
Never talk about your salary, your love life or your next move”
Unknown
If anyone can help me cite that quote (or its derivative), then please let me know. Whilst it is a little tongue-in-cheek, it does point to a very important concept in the workplace: your colleagues are not your friends – they are the people you work with. Whilst you can, of course, have very positive professional relationships with your colleagues (and they should be willing to help you out when you need it too, and you should help them when they need it), you must remember that egos are involved at the workplace, competition anxiety is real thing and that your colleagues are always capable of reporting you to senior management at any time.
In short – keep every interaction with your colleagues professional. Keep personal information to yourself.
#5: Planning day-by-day and not taking a long-term view
This is a common mistake that trainee teachers make but, thankfully, it’s usually an easy one to solve.
As trainees, we are often very new to the lesson planning process, and it can be difficult to think in the long and medium term as we are often so fixated with just planning lesson-by-lesson, or week-by-week.
It is crucial, however, that you know what the overall plans are for the academic year as a whole. This is called ‘curriculum mapping’, and the best teachers are also the best curriculum mappers.
In essence, it means that you must know when topics are supposed to be taught and what the key milestones are during the academic year, such as:
End of unit tests
Half-termly/mid-semester tests
End of term/semester tests
End of year exams
Coursework deadlines for students
Having a long-term view like this will allow you maintain an appropriate pace and will also ensure that you maintain consistency of instruction with some of your more experienced colleagues in the department – you certainly don’t want to be behind them in the teaching schedule, unless there’s a good reason (e.g. you are teaching a bottom set at a slower pace).
Summary
These are the top five mistakes that I have witnessed trainee teachers making over the past 17 years of my career, and I have also been guilty of all of these on occasion:
Marking inefficiently
Trying to be ‘friends’ with the students
Failing to seek help from colleagues when in doubt (remember, no question is too stupid to ask)
Engaging in gossip and/or revealing too much personal information about yourself to your colleagues
Planning in the short-term rather than the long-term
Review your own practices and daily behavior against the five points above to see if there are things that you could do differently.
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Students who are quiet in class are often the ones who are most overlooked by educators. They tend to be compliant; they rarely (if ever) ask questions; they turn in their homework on time and generally just get on with things.
One could be forgiven for thinking of such learners as the ‘perfect’ students.
This is, however, quite a narrowly focused viewpoint and stance to take. Such students may be well behaved, but how can we be sure that they have understood the content we have delivered in a lesson (aside from formally assessing them)? Additionally, how are we, as educators, helping our quiet and withdrawn students to develop their self-confidence and key skills, such as public speaking, teamwork and problem-solving?
It is my conviction that such students can be reached, as I have successfully engaged hundreds of such learners over the past 17 years in my role as a secondary school mathematics and science teacher. The process requires patience and long-term planning, but the results one can achieve are well worth this investment in time and energy.
So, let’s explore some practical strategies to engage these quiet and withdrawn students.
Strategy #1:Use more spatial response tasks in class
The concept here is quite simple: a ‘spatial response’ task allows students to answer questions without verbalizing anything.
“How is that possible?” you might ask.
Well, instead of the traditional ‘hands up’ for answering a question, students use movement and their physical bodies to signal their responses. This is a good first step in any long-term ‘engagement development’ plan you may have for a shy student, as they can interact with the lesson content without having to say anything. That. at least, is better than no engagement at all.
Two of my favourite such spatial response tasks are….
A ‘Human Graph’ and ‘True or False’ Walls
Do you want to know the opinions of your students on a subject matter? Maybe you’re taking a survey (e.g. Which day is the best for canteen food?). Maybe you have a list of multiple-choice questions and you want a fun way to get the kids through them.
A human graph might be the right tool for you!
What if you just want to quickly check your students’ conceptual understandings (e.g. as a plenary)? You could ask some true/false questions and get the kids to raise their hands, or you could use a way cooler (and more fun) method!
Choose one wall to be the ‘True’ wall and one to be the ‘False’ wall. Once you’ve asked the question, get the kids to walk to the correct wall. It’s that simple! Just make sure that the kids walk back to the middle of the classroom before each question.
This great illustration from Pop shows you the steps to take for each of these activities:
I’ve written a separate blog post that covers spatial learning activities in more detail, here. Please do check it out – all of the activities I write about have been field tested by me in the classroom, and they work!
Strategy #2: Do more ‘live marking’
Live marking means that you have more one-to-one conversations with students about their work, in real time. Here’s another great thing about it too: Live marking is not only a highly efficient formative assessment tool, but it also provides a comfortable space in which most of your shy and quiet students will be willing to open up and talk. There are two main methods to implement live marking: ‘diffusively’ and ‘absorptively’. Let’s explore these in more detail.
Diffusive Live-Marking
This is really simple:
Set a task for your students to complete (it could be a Google Slides presentation, a worksheet to complete, some questions from their textbook to do, etc.).
When a few minutes have passed, ‘diffuse’ through the classroom by walking around with a marking pen in hand (I use a red pen).
Mark student work in real time, as they are doing it. Of course – reinforce your written comments with verbal feedback (and you can even write ‘verbal feedback give’ or ‘VF’ on the work).
Hey presto – you just saved yourself an hour or so of after-school marking time, and you’ve engaged some quiet students in some short conversations.
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Absorptive Live-Marking
In this scenario, one can imagine the teacher being like a ‘sponge’ that ‘absorbs’ the students: instead of walking around the classroom to mark work in ‘real-time’, you sit at your desk (or at a designated ‘consultation point’ in the room) and call the students to your desk one-at-a-time.
Which is better – absorptive or diffusive live-marking?
In my personal opinion, both forms of marking can have a role to play in engaging our shy learners.
I tend to use absorptive live-marking more than diffusive as I am lucky enough to work in a school where the overwhelming majority of the students are very well-behaved. This means that I can call them to my desk one-at-a-time and the class will still stay on-task. A big advantage of the absorptive method is that I can give more detailed and personal feedback to each student and I have my whole desk-space to neatly mark the work on.
Strategy 3: Utilise Live-Quiz Apps
These have been around for quite a while now. Most educators have heard about Kahoot!, but did you know that are a wide-range of live quiz apps, similar in style to Kahoot!, that utilise multiple-choice questioning?
When it comes to engaging shy, withdrawn and quiet students, Quizlet Live and Blooket are my two most favourite apps as they encourage peer-to-peer communication. Let’s find out a little more about them.
Blooket
Blooket distinguishes itself from other quiz-based apps in that there are actually multiple types of games that you can play with the students, all based on the much-loved multiple-choice quiz format. My personal favorites are:
Crypto Hack: With a dark theme and Bitcoin-centric atmosphere, Crypto Hack is one of the students’ favorites. After answering a series of questions correctly the students are then able to guess fellow students’ passwords (passwords are chosen from a pre-determined list that the game provides). A correct guess allows the player to hack the other player and steal imaginary crypto currency from them.
Fishing Frenzy: This one’s a bit crazy – hilariously so! Students, again, answer multiple choice questions but this time they cast a virtual fishing line into the water after answering correctly. What they pull out are usually different types of fish, but they can pull out junk and other crazy objects too. Players are ranked by the weight of fish they pull out of the water. Players can also ‘plunder’ other players’ fish and steal their poundage. It gets very competitive and you can expect to hear a lot of laughter in the classroom as this gets going!
Tower Defense:According to Blooket themselves, this is their most popular game. In this mode, the students answer multiple choice questions and are then presented with a map. On this map, the students must place towers in strategic positions to shoot enemies that appear on-screen. In this sense, Tower Defense is more similar to the kind of computer games that children are playing in their free time than all of the other game modes provided.
Quizlet Live
Hidden within Quizlet‘s excellent flash card system is a little-known activity called Quizlet Live. When the teacher selects this, the students in your classroom join the game (by entering a code on their devices) and are then placed into random teams. Once the game begins, all of the players in each team are given different questions to answer, so they MUST help each other if they want to win. The first team to pass twelve rounds of questions is the winner, and the teacher’s screen shows the real-time position of each team (1st place, 2nd place, 3rd place and so on).
Quizlet Live has two features which I believe make it a very unique learning tool:
Students can read through the flash cards for the game as they’re waiting for other students to join. This, I believe, gives Quizlet Live a big advantage over many other quiz-based systems as students are not sitting around doing nothing as they’re waiting.
Quizlet Live provides each team member with a different question, making the game more thorough/rigorous than some other quiz-based systems. Every member of the team has to answer their question correctly before the team can move to the next round.
Quizlet has an immense database of flash cards created by other educators from all over the world, so it’s highly likely that you’ll find a question set that is suitable for your topic. If not, then you can make a set yourself.
Strategy 4: Try ‘Flipped Learning’
Flipped Learning allows students the opportunity to research a topic before it is explored in class. This may provide your quieter students with more confidence to speak up as they will have had a chance to acquire some knowledge before the lesson begins.
The following extract comes from a great guest blog post on Flipped Learning that Kiara Miller from The Speakingnerd wrote for me back in March 2023:
“A flipped classroom is a form of blended learning model where students learn about new concepts at home. They then discuss their findings with their teachers and the rest of the students in a classroom. With this teaching approach, students interact with the course material beforehand and while inside the classroom, they engage in interactive group learning activities.
Students aren’t bombarded with new material, but rather, they come with their own understanding of the concepts. That is through online videos and any other supporting content that can be text-based. It can also be provided by a teacher or students can do their own research.“
Strategy 5: Seek professional help for the student if no improvement is observed
All students who exhibit shy and withdrawn behaviors have underlying reasons for their lack of confidence, or lack of engagement. In some cases, it’s worth referring such students to trusted professionals, such as school counselors, who will be able to work with them on a one-to-one basis.
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Teaching is one of the most stressful professions on Earth. From behaviour management issues, to meeting deadlines and working on projects in small teams: teaching, as a job, requires very high levels of competency, lots of patience and bucket loads of resilience. Take these recent, shocking revelations, for example:
The Headspace 2023 Workforce Attitudes Toward Mental Health report found that British people overwhelmingly deem education to be the most stressful career path available, with an alarming 93% of those in the profession feeling stressed at least once a week!
In such a complex and dynamic environment as a school, in which in our ‘product’ is the gradual and positive development of children (i.e. the most complex beings in existence), it is only natural that we will make mistakes along the way and be involved in a wide variety of professional ‘incidents’ that may cause us some frustration.
It is at these times that we MUST remember the ‘Four S’s’:
Stop
Smile
Sleep
Send
Here’s a handy graphic to remember the process (feel free to share this with colleagues):
Let’s go through these steps one-by-one:
#1: Stop
I once witnessed a former colleague shout at a fellow language teacher in the staff room, calling him ‘unprofessional’ and saying that his actions were ‘unacceptable’. Of course, the issue causing the altercation was a trivial matter, but by her getting emotional and berating him in front of everyone she achieved nothing, and actually did a lot of harm to her reputation. Everyone was talking about that exchange afterwards, and guess who came out as the ‘good guy’ in people’s minds? – The polite language teacher who just stood there and listened and didn’t respond or get emotional, of course.
It’s so tempting to respond by reflex-action in a moment of frustration, venting our anger in an email, a verbal exchange or other action. It’s so crucial to be mindful of our emotions when we feel frustration bubbling up inside of us and remember to STOP!
#2: Smile
Numerous studies have shown that a simple smile can immediately improve our mood. Take a moment to reflect upon what you are grateful for in life. If nothing comes up, then ask yourself “What COULD I be grateful for right now?”. This act of ‘reframing’ the moment will act to alleviate any feelings of dread, anxiety or frustration – even if it’s only by a small amount.
#3: ‘Sleep on it’
If you find yourself becoming angry, anxious, enraged or frustrated by any situation at school, then pause for a while and calm down before you respond. If possible, respond to the issue the next day after a good night’s sleep – you’ll be in a better mood and will be more emotionally balanced to handle the issue rationally.
In my experience, almost every incident that causes a teacher frustration can be dealt with the next day, when we are in a better mood. If this is not the case for whatever you happen to be dealing with right now, then at least Stop and Smile, and wait a while before responding.
#4: Send
Have you been guilty of sending a quick response email out of frustration? I know I have. For one former coworker of mine, this had catastrophic consequences.
The head of our secondary school had emailed a colleague of mine in a former school I worked at to discuss some behaviour management issues that some children in his classes were having. This colleague then replied out of anger and frustration, justifying himself in every which way possible, but he inadvertently cc’d the entire secondary school in his response!
He didn’t last long at that school. His reputation in the eyes of his colleagues had soured, and his position became somewhat untenable. He was let go at the end of that academic year.
Please – be the person who responds when your emotions are stable. We ALL get frustrated at times. We ALL get angry a times. We ALL panic at times. Please – Stop, Smile. Sleep THEN Send/Respond.
Extra advice for dealing with frustration at school
Speak to someone
Speak up about any issues you are having, in a positive and non-complaining way. The trick to executing this is to be ‘solution focussed’. When talking with your line manager about the issue, or whomever the other parties are, adopt the mindset of ‘This is the problem, so how can we work together to find the solution?’.
Only click ‘send’ when you are in an emotionally positive state
E-mails last forever, and once they are sent, they can be fully utilised in any litigation that may follow. Silence is always the best option at first, if possible, then only send a written response/summary of the issue after very careful consideration. In some extreme situations you may wish to speak with a lawyer before responding.
Learn new skills
If behavior management is causing frustration, then seek to learn new strategies or ask colleagues for help. Resources like this blog can be very useful for acquiring new tips, as can professional development courses. If your issue is skills-related, then you may find that a professional development course, such as my Powerful Public Speaker Certificate Course, may be of use to you.
Find a good lawyer, and build a good relationship with them, regardless of your situation
It has been my experience via the many hundreds of online coaching calls I have done with teachers over the years that extremely few educators understand their legal rights. Employers can sometimes pray on this naivety – few teachers will approach a lawyer when their employment is terminated, or when contractual changes arise, or when they are asked to sign a sudden ‘official school document’, for example. Get used to consulting with lawyers. Yes, they’re expensive, but the investment is worth it in the long run. If you are lucky enough to teach in a country where teacher unions exist, then make sure you are an active member – they will be able to offer legal advice when the need arises, too.
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Whether it’s high-stakes assessments, end-of-unit tests, coursework, homework or classwork, it’s inevitable that every teacher will have to mark some assignments the old-fashioned way from time-to-time – i.e. by hand.
This can be a daunting task for many of us who, in today’s EdTech age, are so used to marking things digitally (or allowing software to do the work for us!). I’ve written at length, for example, about how automated systems like MyMaths and Educake, and live-quiz apps that have ‘assignment’ options, can mark classwork, homework and other assignments within seconds and provide detailed analytics within summary reports.
Thankfully, I’ve been in the position where there’s no other option but to mark assignments by hand more than a few times in my 17 years as a high school teacher, and I’ve made every blunder possible – wasting countless hours of my life in the process!
At least I now have enough experience of doing marking the wrong way to pass on my knowledge to my readers – I guess every cloud does have a silver lining, after all!
So, get your red pen ready (or whichever color you wish to use) and let’s learn how to efficiently mark assignments by hand!
#1: Mark every script one question at a time, or one page at a time
What this means is that if you have, say, thirty exam papers to mark, then ONLY mark question 1 for each paper (or page 1). Then, when you’ve finished marking question 1 (or page 1) for each paper, ONLY mark question 2 for each paper (or page 2), and so on.
The reason this works so well to improve your marking efficiency is that:
You will get quicker at marking the same question the more times you do it in succession.
It becomes easier to compare one student’s answer to another, which is great for choosing model answers to showcase and to ensure fairness.
Marking our papers this way is MUCH quicker than marking, say, one whole exam paper/assignment, followed by another, then another.
#2: ALWAYS have a mark scheme available for the assignmentyou are marking
Never set an exam paper or assignment if it doesn’t come with a mark scheme. If you don’t have one, then create one. This ensures fairness and efficiency during the marking process.
During my early years of teaching, I would find myself quickly creating exam papers and assignments due to my poor time-management skills. I would often forget to source the mark schemes for those documents.
Have you ever tried to mark a stack of exam papers without having the model answers to hand? It’s a nightmare scenario! You’ll find yourself spending tons of time attempting to apply marking consistency across multiple answer types. This is almost impossible to do without a mark scheme.
Another behavior to avoid is quickly sourcing worksheets or assignments from the internet, without making sure there’s model answers that go along with them. This is a particularly toxic action for the busy/stressed teacher, as time is limited. It seems like a great short-term fix to quickly source those questions from a particular web link you’ve found. However, in the long term, you’ll pay for it with frustration and more wasted time since it will become very difficult to mark that work in the absence of proper marking schemes.
#3: Keep your papers organized
Don’t lose them – and that’s easier said than done! I find that it’s often best to keep all of my papers at school and do all of my marking at school, because:
Papers don’t get lost in transit (e.g. if I were to take papers home to mark).
It’s good for my work-life balance – schoolwork stays at school.
Consider creating a special area of your room to keep the work that you are marking by hand. Perhaps a special drawer in your teacher’s desk is appropriate, or a shelf on your classroom wall.
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#4 Utilize live marking where possible
One-to-one conversations with students offer the best possible feedback out there – because those conversations are personal and should involve some metacognition. Students will have to process information and think about their responses deeply during the live-marking process, which should always involve some type of conversation (even if it’s a short one).
If possible, walk around the class and mark work in real-time as the students are doing it, or call them to your desk one at a time for a conversation and to add some hand-written comments to their work.
#5 Do NOT give the work back to the students until the data has been inputted into your school’s tracking system
This is sounds so obvious, yet, to my embarrassment, this is a mistake I have made in the past.
This really is the epitome of stupidity because once the graded work has been given back to the students, you’re going to have quite a job on your hands to get it all back again so that you can input the assessment data.
Mark it, input the data, then give it back to the students. If that means that the students have to wait a little longer to get their work back, then so be it. Due diligence is more important than quick turnaround.
Summary
I really hope this blog post was helpful. Life is precious, and short, and too valuable to be marking work inefficiently in my opinion.
Speed up your marking time by….
Marking one question at a time, or one page at a time
Sourcing mark schemes for EVERY piece of work that is to be marked by hand
Demonstrating good housekeeping by organizing your papers – don’t lose any!
Marking work in real-time, if possible
Input the assessment data into your school’s system before giving the work back to the students
In addition to the above points, I would also advise teachers to seek help from colleagues when you are unsure about how many marks to award for a student’s answer. You may find that a fresh perspective will confirm, or refute, your initial thinking on the matter. Also, get efficient with free periods/non-contact time, too. If you plan what you will mark in those ‘frees’ carefully, you’ll find that minimal weekend and evening time is taken up with marking (which is what the status quo should be).
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Unless you’ve been hiding in acave for the past five years, it’s highly likely that you have heard the phrase ‘retrieval practice’ being bandied about multiple times at educational seminars, Professional Development workshops and even in the departmental meetings you’ve attended at school. It’s one of those areas of pedagogy that has gotten educators excited due it’s evidence-based effectiveness, as well it’s inclusion, affirmation and promotion of metacognitive strategies (another hot topic in education).
It is my observation, however, that the majority of teachers are not 100% clear about what retrieval practice actually is – in part because some of the professional literature on the issue is conflicting, and also because as a concept it complexifies something rather simple (something that teachers have being doing for decades):getting students to reflect upon and use what they know.
In today’s blog post, I aim to provide my readers with the following:
A simple, understandable description of what retrieval practice is
A handy acronym (P.O.W.E.R.) that we can all use to remember the stages we need to follow as teachers when carrying out retrieval practice with our students
Some ideas on techniques and activities we can use in the classroom to facilitate good retrieval practice
Think ‘expression’ as opposed to ‘ingestion‘
I was most impressed with this great video by Unleash Learning which described retrieval practice as focusing on getting information out of students’ heads, rather than into students’ heads. This implies that retrieval practice only works if information has been put into the students’ heads in the first place – and this is true – retrieval practice is used as a follow-up when students have already been taught the information they need to know.
Retrieval practice is used as a follow-up at some point after a topic/unit has been taught.
Students should be encouraged to articulate what they have learned in some way, and then use what they have learned in some way (e.g., to answer an exam-style question). Retrieval practice places heavy emphasis on learning rather than assessing, although low-stakes assessments can be used as part of the retrieval process (see this blog post of mine on assessment ‘for’, ‘of’ and ‘as’ learning for more info on that!).
Give your students the P.O.W.E.R. they need to succeed!
So, let’s look at an easy-to-remember step-by-step process for facilitating retrieval practice in the classroom – the P.O.W.E.R. technique.
Prime (P): Prime the Mind
Start by priming the mind. Review essential concepts, key points, or summaries to prepare your students for the learning experience ahead.A great activity for this is Mind Map Mayhem: Encourage students to create colourful mind maps summarizing key concepts from the previous lesson. They can use doodles, arrows, and even emojis to make it visually appealing. This primes their minds for what’s to come!
At this stage, summaries do not need to be organized – they can be scattered and random, and do not necessarily need to be handwritten – a group discussion, quick verbal presentation to the class or even a bulleted list will suffice.
Organize (O): Organize Thoughts Actively
Encourage active organization of thoughts. Have your students organize information in their own words, creating meaningful connections and enhancing comprehension through an engaged approach. There are many tools that can be used for this, but my favorites are:
Mnemonics
Acronyms
Infographics
Graphic organizers
Google Slides, Docs, Sheets and Sites
Flow charts
Audio notes
It’s quite important at this stage that information follows the required pattern in which it needs to be retrieved in the final exams – e.g. the stages of cell division (in order), a timeline of King Henry VIII’s reign (in order), the points to raise in a written response to a language question (in order), etc.
Wrestle (W): Wrestle with Challenges
Yes! – we finally have a teaching acronym with ‘Wrestle’ in it (cue the giggles in teacher workshops all across the world from this point onwards). If nothing else, this wise choice of a word will help us all to remember that in this stage the students should tackle thought-provoking questions that demand active recall.
This step engages the mind in a mental wrestling match, strengthening memory and reinforcing the learning process.
The questions do not necessarily need to be provided in a mini-test or handout format (although you can go with that too), live quiz apps, verbal questioning, exam-style questions, past-papers, flash cards, quick writing exercises, worksheets and learning journals can all be used as tools to facilitate this process. At this stage, the questions should be low stakes, so that making mistakes is encouraged.
Evaluate (E): Evaluate Understanding
Promote self-evaluation to gauge understanding. Guide your students to reflect on their comprehension, identifying areas of strength and pinpointing topics that may require additional attention.
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A great technique that teachers have been using for decades for this is Traffic Lights. Provide students with red, yellow, and green cards. Ask them to hold up the corresponding card to indicate their understanding. Red for unclear, yellow for partial, and green for solid comprehension. It’s a quick and visual way to evaluate understanding.
Again, live quiz apps can be used for student self-evaluation, as well as self-reflection rubrics. Metacognitive tools, such as self-regulation checklists, are also great for this.
In my current practice, I like creating Google Sheets in which students can type in their reflections as they do them – essentially creating a long-term digital journal/record of their progress. The sheets are very simple – usually asking which questions the students got wrong, why they got them wrong, and what they should do next to improve further. When created on a Google Classroom assignment, one sheet is enough, as a copy will be made for each student if you select the correct option from the drop-down menu.
Reinforce (R): Reinforce Through Practice
Transition to reinforcement through practice. Engage your students in hands-on activities, be it additional past-paper questions, problem-solving scenarios, experiments, or real-world applications. This step solidifies knowledge and encourages practical application.
Practice makes perfect!
One activity you might want to try (if you’re looking for something unusual) is Escape Room Extravaganza. Create a virtual or physical escape room with challenges related to the lesson. Students work in teams to solve problems, unlock clues, and apply their knowledge. A QR-code treasure hunt may work well for this, for example. It’s a fantastic way to reinforce learning through collaboration and critical thinking.
Conclusion
Retrieval practice is essentially a way to build long-term memory of concepts, skills, ideas, key vocabulary, techniques and knowledge. At some point after a topic or unit has been taught to your class, use the P.O.W.E.R. strategy to get your students retrieving that prior knowledge – you’ll soon find that concepts will be generally better understood, performance in future assessments will increase and students will feel more confident articulating, processing and recalling the material they have covered.
Recommended further reading
Head over to retrievalpractice.org where you will find lots of free, downloadable pdfs containing tons of advice on how to implement retrieval practice in your lessons.
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In the rapidly evolving landscape of education, traditional teaching methods are being reshaped by innovative approaches that prioritize creativity, problem-solving, and collaboration. One such methodology gaining traction is Design Thinking. Originally conceived in the realm of product design, Design Thinking has found its way into education, offering a dynamic framework for educators to foster critical thinking and innovation among students. In this blog post, we will explore what Design Thinking is and how it can be effectively applied in classroom teaching.
What is Design Thinking?
Design Thinking is a human-centered problem-solving approach that places empathy for the end-user at the core of the creative process. Coined by David Kelley and Tim Brown of IDEO, this methodology has since transcended its origins in design and has been embraced across various fields, including education. The key stages of Design Thinking typically involve empathizing, defining the problem, ideating, prototyping, and testing.
How can Design Thinking be used in classroom teaching?
Here’s a handy acronym to help remember the stages of Design Thinking:
E.D.I.P.T.
Empathize
Define
Ideate
Prototype
Test
Let’s go through each stage one-by-one:
Empathize
Design Thinking encourages educators to understand their students on a deeper level by empathizing with their needs, challenges, and perspectives. By gaining insights into students’ lives, educators can tailor their teaching methods to address individual learning styles and needs.
Define
The second stage of Design Thinking involves clearly defining the problem at hand. In a classroom setting, this translates to identifying the learning objectives and challenges faced by students. This step sets the foundation for targeted and effective teaching strategies.
Ideate
Design Thinking encourages a culture of brainstorming and creative thinking. In the classroom, this means fostering an environment where students feel free to express their ideas without fear of judgment. Educators can facilitate brainstorming sessions to generate diverse solutions to educational challenges.
Prototype
Just as designers create prototypes to test their ideas, students can develop prototypes of their learning solutions. This might involve creating projects, presentations, or interactive activities that demonstrate their understanding of a concept. Prototyping allows for hands-on learning and experimentation.
Testing
Design Thinking emphasizes an iterative process. In education, this means encouraging students to gracefully receive feedback on their work, reflect on their learning experiences, and make improvements. The iterative cycle fosters a growth mindset and resilience in the face of challenges.
A real classroom example of E.D.I.P.T.
Let’s see how E.D.I.PT. can be used in the planning and execution of a real high-school lesson.
Subject: High School Biology
Lesson Title: “Adapting to a Changing Environment: A Design Thinking Exploration”
Objective: Students will use the Design Thinking process (E.D.I.P.T.) to propose and prototype innovative solutions for an organism’s adaptation to a changing environment.
1. Empathize (E):
Activity: Begin the lesson with a short video or reading about a species facing environmental challenges (e.g., climate change, habitat loss). Engage students in a discussion about the impact on the species, their ecosystem, and the challenges they might face.
Outcome: Students develop empathy for the organisms and understand the need for adaptations in response to environmental changes.
2. Define (D):
Activity: Guide students in identifying specific challenges faced by the chosen species due to the changing environment. Encourage them to narrow down their focus to one key problem that they want to address.
Outcome: Students articulate a clear definition of the problem, such as the impact of temperature changes on the species’ reproduction or food sources.
3. Ideate (I):
Activity: Conduct a brainstorming session where students generate various ideas for how the species could adapt to the identified challenge. Encourage creative thinking and diverse solutions.
Outcome: Students compile a list of potential adaptations, considering biological, behavioral, or physiological changes the species might undergo.
4. Prototype (P):
Activity: In small groups, students choose one of the adaptation ideas and create a prototype or model showcasing how the species might implement this adaptation. This could include drawings, diagrams, or even physical representations.
Outcome: Each group produces a prototype that visually represents their chosen adaptation solution.
5. Test (T):
Activity: Groups present their prototypes to the class, explaining the rationale behind their chosen adaptations. Facilitate a class discussion where students provide constructive feedback and ask questions.
Outcome: Students refine their prototypes based on feedback, considering the practicality and effectiveness of their proposed adaptations.
Can you think of a suitable topic that would lend itself well to an E.D.I.P.T. lesson in your subject area?
Conclusion
Design Thinking in classroom teaching is a powerful tool for cultivating a generation of creative, adaptable, and empathetic individuals. By integrating this methodology, we can transform traditional classrooms into dynamic spaces where students are not just recipients of knowledge but active participants in their own learning journey. Embracing Design Thinking in education is not just about preparing students for the future; it’s about empowering them to shape it!
Recommended further reading
Lee, D. (2018). Design thinking in the classroom: easy-to-use teaching tools to foster creativity, encourage innovation and unleash potential in every student. Berkeley, California: Ulysses Press.
Jakes, D. (2022). The Design Thinking Classroom.
D.M. Arvind Mallik (2019). Design Thinking for Educators. Notion Press.
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As we embark on our (hopefully) fulfilling journey of shaping young minds and fostering a love for learning, it’s crucial to navigate the realm of assessments with a clear understanding of the three fundamental pillars: Assessment for Learning (AFL), Assessment of Learning (AOL), and Assessment as Learning (AAL). These three components not only guide our teaching practices but also play a pivotal role in student growth and achievement.
Assessment for Learning (AFL)
Imagine a classroom as a dynamic ecosystem where both teachers and students are co-creators of knowledge. That’s the essence of Assessment for Learning (AFL). In this approach, assessments are viewed as tools for understanding where students are in their learning journey, identifying misconceptions, and tailoring instruction accordingly.
AFL is about ongoing, formative assessments that provide real-time feedback to both teachers and students. It’s not just about grades; it’s about fostering a growth mindset and creating a supportive environment where mistakes are viewed as stepping stones to success. Through quizzes, discussions, and other formative assessments, AFL helps us make timely instructional adjustments, ensuring that no student is left behind.
Some effective examples of AFL activities include:
Formative Quizzes: Create short quizzes or assessments that students can take during or after a lesson to gauge their understanding of key concepts. Use the results to identify areas that may need further clarification or reinforcement.
Peer Feedback Sessions: Organize peer review sessions where students provide feedback on each other’s work. This not only helps in assessing the quality of their work but also encourages collaboration and the development of critical evaluation skills.
Think-Pair-Share: Pose a question or present a scenario, and have students think about it individually first. Then, they pair up with a classmate to discuss their thoughts before sharing with the larger group. This encourages individual reflection and collaborative learning.
Exit Tickets: Use exit tickets as a quick assessment tool at the end of a lesson. Ask students to answer a few questions or solve a problem related to the day’s lesson. This provides immediate feedback on their comprehension and helps in adjusting future instruction based on identified needs.
Concept Mapping: Have students create concept maps to visually represent the relationships between different ideas or topics. This not only assesses their understanding of the material but also helps them organize and connect information in a meaningful way.
Assessment of Learning (AOL)
Assessment of Learning (AOL), often referred to as summative assessment, is what most of us are familiar with – the end-of-unit tests, final projects, or standardized exams. AOL is like taking a snapshot of what students have learned over a specific period. While AFL informs our day-to-day teaching, AOL provides a comprehensive overview of student achievement and allows for accountability at a broader level.
As teachers, AOL helps us evaluate the effectiveness of our instructional strategies and curriculum. It provides valuable insights into the strengths and areas that may need improvement. While it’s essential for reporting and grading purposes, AOL is most impactful when combined with AFL, creating a holistic approach to assessment.
Examples of AOL activities include:
Traditional Exams: Standardized written assessments that test a student’s knowledge and understanding of the material. This can include multiple-choice questions, short answers, essays, or a combination of these formats.
Project-Based Assignments: Tasks that require students to apply what they have learned in a creative or practical way. This could involve research projects, presentations, or hands-on activities that demonstrate their understanding of the subject matter.
Peer Assessment: Involving students in evaluating the work of their peers. This can be done through group projects, presentations, or other collaborative activities where students provide constructive feedback on each other’s performance.
Case Studies: Real-world scenarios or problems presented to students, requiring them to analyze, synthesize information, and apply their knowledge to propose solutions. Case studies encourage critical thinking and the application of theoretical concepts to practical situations.
Performance-Based Assessments: Tasks that assess a student’s ability to apply their knowledge and skills in real-world situations. This could include simulations, role-playing exercises, or any activity that requires students to demonstrate their competencies in a practical context. Performance-based assessments provide a more hands-on approach to evaluating learning outcomes.
Assessment As Learning
Now, let’s delve into the transformative power of Assessment as Learning (AAL). This approach is all about empowering students to take an active role in their own learning process. AAL encourages self-reflection, goal-setting, and metacognition, turning assessment into a journey of personal growth.
In an AAL environment, students become partners in the assessment process. They learn to monitor their progress, set learning goals, and reflect on their strengths and areas for improvement. By engaging in regular self-assessment, students develop a deeper understanding of their preferred learning modalities and strategies and become lifelong learners who take ownership of their education.
Some great examples of AAL activities include:
Self-Reflection Journals: Students regularly write reflections on their learning experiences, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement. This encourages metacognition and self-awareness. In my personal opinion, journaling really holds the key to transforming secondary education and should be much more widely practiced than it is presently. I have written an entire blog post outlining how to implement journaling in your subject area, here.
Learning Logs or Blogs: A continuous record where students document their learning journey, including challenges faced, new insights gained, and connections made with prior knowledge. This ongoing process helps them track their progress. Sometimes these are called ‘e-portfolios’, and Google Sites lends itself very well to this process.
Graphic Organisers: Students create visual representations of their understanding of a topic by connecting concepts and relationships. This not only reinforces learning but also allows them to see how different pieces of information fit together. An even better way to do concept mapping is to upgrade to Mind Mapping (a distinct process created by the late Dr Tony Buzan, with whom I was very lucky to enjoy a video call with several years ago). I’ve written an entire blog post about ways to organise information, which includes Mind Mapping, here.
Peer Teaching or Tutoring: Students take turns teaching a concept or skill to their peers. This not only reinforces their own understanding but also provides an opportunity to receive feedback and correct misconceptions. From an AAL perspective, this works best when both the ‘deliverer’ and the ‘receiver’ have already grasped the fundamentals of the topic being taught.
Goal Setting and Monitoring: Students set personal learning goals, breaking them down into smaller, achievable targets. They regularly assess their progress toward these goals, adjusting strategies if needed. This encourages a sense of ownership and motivation in their learning journey. Again, I believe this is best facilitated by the journaling process.
Striking a balance
While each of these assessment approaches has its unique role, the magic happens when we strike a balance between them. AFL guides our daily interactions with students, AOL provides a snapshot of their overall achievement, and AAL empowers them to become active participants in their learning journey.
So, fellow teachers, let’s embrace the ABCs of assessment with open arms. Let’s use Assessment for Learning to inform our teaching, Assessment of Learning to measure overall achievement, and Assessment as Learning to empower our students. Together, we can create classrooms where learning is a collaborative adventure, and assessment is a compass guiding us toward success.
Happy teaching!
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