Tag: planning

The Power of Showcasing: Publicly Celebrating Excellent Student Work

Posted on by richardjamesrogers

An article by Richard James Rogers (Award-Winning Author of The Quick Guide to Classroom Management and The Power of Praise: Empowering Students Through Positive Feedback). This blog post has been beautifully illustrated by Pop Sutthiya Lertyongphati.

Accompanying podcast episode:

My promise to you: I never use generative AI to create, edit, or enhance my blog posts. All of my content is original.

When a student produces a brilliant piece of work, or when a group of students create a particularly strong output of some kind, it is then that we should realise that we have been given a tremendous opportunity to capitalise on the moment. Unfortunately, however, most teachers only partially take advantage of ‘touchpoints’ like this.

When we showcase student work, which means that we show that brilliant work to the other students as an example of ‘What a Good One Looks Like’ or a ‘WAGOLL’, we achieve a number of great things:

  • The student, or group of students, who have their work showcased receive acknowledgement and praise for their efforts, which empowers them to keep pushing themselves to achieve success in future classes of yours.
  • The other students in the class gain a clear sense of what the expectations for the work are: whether that’s a neat and colourful layout, a particularly detailed summary of something, an interactive resource, or whatever makes the creative output outstanding against a set of pre-determined criteria.
  • Other students receive a clearer sense of what’s possible and, therefore, achievable. After all, if another student or group of students can create such an amazing piece of work, then surely they can, too!

One of my favourite quotes relating to the showcasing of student work comes from Dylan William:

“If I had to reduce all of the research on formative assessment to one sentence, it would be this: we should make student thinking visible.” -Wiliam, D. (2011). Embedded Formative Assessment. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press.

By showcasing student work, we make their thinking visible to other members of the school community: providing acknowledgment for their efforts, direct communication of a sense of what’s possible through immense effort, and exemplars of benchmark standards that have been met.

Now that we’ve established that the showcasing of student work can be a really powerful technique to deploy in the classroom, or with our school community in general, it’s important to address some important considerations that will make our showcasing as effective as possible.

Showcasing Tip #1: Establish criteria from the beginning

It’s unfair to showcase a great example of student work if the class were not told what the criteria for excellence were when the assignment was given. Make those criteria really clear, perhaps by publishing those on the school’s VLE, by writing the criteria on your whiteboard or smartboard, or even by expressing them verbally a few times. When students are really clear about your expectations, they will be better able to produce an excellent piece of work.

Showcasing Tip #2: Always ask permission before showcasing

Not every student will be confident enough to welcome the showcasing of their work. Some students may be shy or withdrawn, and may not want the extra attention that comes with putting their work on display, even if you are just planning to hold up the work for the class to see. Ask first. Make sure the student, or group of students, are comfortable with you making them, and their work, the centre of attention.

Showcasing Tip #3: Consider whole-school approaches

If you want to build a really positive sense of community at your school, where the ethos is warm, collegiate, and welcoming, then start showcasing! You’ll be amazed at how quickly this transforms school culture.

Here’s some strategies I’ve utilised to great effect in the past:

  • Host assemblies in which work is showcased: In my role as Acting Head of the Secondary School last year, I invited teachers to contribute photos of excellent student work to a set of Google Slides once per half-term. Following that, I would host an assembly with all of the students and invite their teachers to describe the excellent work they had chosen to showcase on the slides. Not only was this great for school community-building, but it also created a shared ethos that involved celebrating achievement on a regular basis.
  • Strategies like ‘Star of the Week’ or ‘Top Student This Month’ can be really effective, especially if the criteria are made clear from the start (as mentioned earlier). In my role as Science Curriculum Coordinator a number of years ago, I set up a Science Star of the Week system where our Science teachers would display a particularly good piece of work on a noticeboard in a communal area for everyone to see. I was amazed by just how many students stopped by each week to look at the great pieces of work on display. Another system I’ve seen being utilised in a similar way was Class Dojo, with the highest scoring students being showcased on a weekly basis.

Final thoughts

We all know that praise is powerful. In fact, I wrote a whole book about the power of praise and how it should be utilised correctly. However, when we showcase student work in accordance with the criteria I’ve laid out above, we make the praise we give even more powerful and meaningful than it would normally be.

The Top 5 Skills Employers Want in 2025 (and How Schools Should Respond)

Posted on by richardjamesrogers

An article by Richard James Rogers (Award-Winning Author of The Quick Guide to Classroom Management and The Power of Praise: Empowering Students Through Positive Feedback). This blog post has been beautifully illustrated by Pop Sutthiya Lertyongphati.

Sometimes it is necessary for teachers to reflect on the overall purpose of education. After all, knowing the why will often give us new perspectives on the how.

Many thought-leaders have articulated their ideas on what the purpose of education should be. Some notable quotes are given below:

“The purpose of education is to give to the body and to the soul all the beauty and all the perfection of which they are capable.”

– Plato

“The goal of education is the advancement of knowledge and the dissemination of truth.”

– John F. Kennedy

The object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives.”

– Robert Maynard Hutchins

In my 2019 blog post entitled 5 Things Schools Should be Teaching Kids (But Most Aren’t) I came straight to the point with my thoughts on what the purpose of education is (albeit much less elegantly that the esteemed individuals quoted above):

School must prepare students for life

– Richard James Rogers

My statement is probably most aligned with that of Robert Maynard Hutchins (the legendary American educational philosopher and former Chancellor of the University of Chicago and, to my shame, a person I had only heard about during my research for this blog post). It brings me great satisfaction to know that I and such an esteemed and well-respected educator are pretty much in agreement: even if our opinions are more than a few decades apart! (Hutchins was born in 1899).

Schools must prepare students for life, but what does that actually look like in 2025 (and beyond)? Today, I’ll deliver a condensed version of my research into the top 5 skills employers are looking for, and what schools (and, by inference, teachers) should do about it.

#1 In-Demand Skill for 2025: AI Literacy and Human/AI Collaboration

Unless you’ve been meditating in a remote forest somewhere for the past three years, you’ll know that AI, and particularly GenAI, has skyrocketed in capability, use-applications and accessibility. Everybody who’s anybody in the corporate training or online education sector is offering courses in AI integration and for a good reason: there’s a lot of money to be made! Additionally, the World Economic Forum’s Future of Jobs Report 2025 lists “AI and big data” as the top technological skills that are projected to “grow in importance more rapidly than any other skills in the next five years”.

I will admit openly that I have also jumped on this bandwagon: I have personally completed four very detailed online courses covering AI integration this year (see my LinkedIn profile for details) and I now offer AI integration as one of my corporate training workshops (and it’s proving to be one of my most popular).

Bottom line for teachers:

  • Learn AI skills and get certified (there’s lots of free and inexpensive courses available online).
  • Once you have some foundational knowledge (or have access to someone who does) build a spiral AI curriculum (including ethics, prompting, verification, model limits), and embed AI use across subjects in schemes of work (e.g., AI-assisted drafting in English; model evaluation in Science, and so on).
  • Keep up to date with the latest use cases of AI in education (this topic stream by Edutopia is well-worth bookmarking!)

#2: In-Demand Skill for 2025: Data Literacy and Analytical Thinking

In July 2025, Elon Musk weighed in on the debate about what children should study in the age of AI. Responding to a call for students to prioritise mathematics, he argued that the true focus should be “Physics (with math)”, highlighting his belief that a deep grasp of fundamental principles, supported by mathematics, is more valuable than coding alone in an AI-driven world. Additionally, The World Economic Forum’s Future of Jobs Report 2025 makes clear that analytical thinking is still one of the top core skills employers expect to be in high demand by 2030.

Bottom line for teachers:

  • Encourage deep learning (as opposed to ‘surface learning’) in all subjects through guided activities (see my blog post here as a starting point).
  • Require students to source and clean datasets from time-to-time and include activities where students choose appropriate displays, quantify uncertainty, and write claims with evidence. My blog post entitled Putting Numbers Into Everything offers a good launchpad of ideas from which you can start this process in your lessons.

#3: In-Demand Skill for 2025: Cybersecurity and Digital Trust

According to the 2024 ISC2 Cybersecurity Workforce Study (which is the latest available study, at the time of writing), the world is short of nearly 4.8 million cybersecurity professionals, and almost nine out of ten teams say they lack key cybersecurity skills. With AI bringing both powerful new tools and serious new risks, the call is growing for people who can think critically about digital safety and design systems that are secure from the start. For schools, this is a clear signal: cyber-awareness and responsible use of AI should be part of every student’s education, not just for future specialists but for all young people who will live and work in a digital world.

Bottom line for teachers:

  • Build cyber-awareness into everyday lessons. Connect topics like passwords, phishing, and data privacy to students’ daily digital use, not just to IT classes.
  • Treat AI as both a tool and a topic. Encourage students to explore how AI can help (e.g. with research and problem-solving) while also discussing its risks (such as bias and security breaches). This great blog by LittleLit gives five AI tools that can be tailored for use by children, and I would recommend all teachers reading this to look at ways to bring a few of these into your lessons.
  • Practise ‘secure-by-design’ thinking: When students create projects, apps, or even presentations, have them consider safety, privacy, and ethical use as part of the design process. See my blog post about design thinking to get started.

#4: In-Demand Skill for 2025: Sustainability Literacy

Employers are warning about a major shift from 2025 onwards: environmental stewardship is expected to be one of the fastest-growing skill demands globally. Recruitment needs for so-called “green skills” is already rising more quickly than the supply of qualified workers. LinkedIn’s Global Green Skills Report 2024/25 shows that this growth will continue worldwide, with the gap between demand and supply projected to widen steadily through 2030 to 2050.

Bottom line for teachers:

  • Use real data in lessons: In maths or ICT, have students analyse datasets on carbon emissions or renewable energy growth. This builds both numeracy and awareness of global sustainability trends. National Geographic Kids is a great resource for acquiring some useful data for projects.
  • Run project-based learning on green innovation: In science or design technology, set tasks like designing a low-waste product, creating a model of a solar-powered device, or calculating the energy savings from switching to LED lighting. Initiatives that encourage students to reduce single-use plastic, or to reduce printing costs, can also raise awareness in powerful ways.

#5: In-Demand Skill for 2025: Communication

According to Lightcast, a leading labour-market analytics firm, 76% of job postings request at least one durable (human) skill, with communication consistently ranking among the most in demand. The World Economic Forum highlights related skills such as creative thinking, resilience, and leadership/social influence as essential for the workforce of 2025 and beyond.

Bottom line for teachers

  • Do more in-class group/individual presentations. Students can use Google Slides, Canva or other technology to present their ideas. See my blog post on tips for slide presentations (aimed at teachers, but applicable to students) for top tips on getting the delivery right.
  • Design lessons that force students to work through ambiguity, such as group work, debates, and peer review, so they build resilience, leadership, and creative thinking, which are rising fast as employer priorities.

Conclusion

So what does all of this mean for us in the classroom? The future world of work is crying out for five big things: AI know-how, data smarts, cyber-savvy thinking, green awareness, and those all-important human skills like communication and resilience. The good news is that we don’t need to bolt these on as extra lessons. Instead, we can weave them into what we already do: use AI tools for research, crunch real-world data in maths or science, chat about online safety whenever tech comes up, link projects to sustainability, and give students plenty of chances to work together and present their ideas.

Bibliography and references

Check out my award-winning book on Amazon (click on the image below):

Does the Gender Gap in Education Really Exist?

Posted on by richardjamesrogers

An article by Richard James Rogers, award-winning author of The Quick Guide to Classroom Management: 45 Secrets That All High School Teachers Need to Know and The Power of Praise: Empowering Students Through Positive Feedback

This blog post has been beautifully illustrated by Pop Sutthiya Lertyongphati.

Accompanying podcast episode:

As a teacher who’s worked with students across a range of schools and contexts, I often hear colleagues say, “The gender gap? Isn’t that old news?” At first glance, that might seem fair. After all, in many parts of the world, girls are now outperforming boys academically. But when you take a closer look, a much more complex picture emerges.

A gender gap in education does, actually, exist. However, it is not a simple case of one gender consistently falling behind. Instead, it reflects a range of disparities that shift depending on region, subject, and socioeconomic status. Over the past few years, researchers have taken a fresh look at how gender intersects with learning. The findings are as relevant as ever for us in the classroom, and in this blog post I’d like to take a deep dive into what the latest research tells us.

Girls are Leading in Academic Performance, But at What Cost?

Recent international data shows that girls continue to outperform boys in reading, writing, and overall academic attainment in many high-income countries (OECD, 2022). The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results indicate that girls significantly outperform boys in reading across almost all participating countries, and the gap is getting wider.

However, this success often comes with a price. Girls report higher levels of school-related stress and anxiety, particularly around exams and future expectations (UNESCO, 2023). A global study by the World Health Organization found that adolescent girls are much more likely than boys to experience internalising mental health issues such as anxiety and depression, which can be exacerbated by academic pressure (WHO, 2021).

Boys and Disengagement: A Persistent Problem

On the other hand, boys are consistently more likely to struggle with engagement and behaviour in the classroom. Data from the UK’s Department for Education (2021) shows that boys are overrepresented in exclusion rates and more likely to underachieve in language-based subjects. In many classrooms I’ve observed, boys are often the ones more likely to act out, resist extended writing tasks, or show reluctance to participate in group discussions. This pattern has shown itself throughout my entire teaching career, which now amounts to almost twenty years of full-time practice.

The pandemic appears to have made this worse, however. Research from McKinsey & Company (2021) indicates that male students in the United States experienced greater learning loss in reading than female students during school closures. That is a trend echoed in other countries, particularly among lower-income and marginalised groups.

The STEM Gender Divide Persists

Despite progress, the gender gap in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) remains a global challenge. While girls now often match or even outperform boys in school-based STEM assessments, they remain underrepresented in STEM degrees and careers (UNESCO, 2021). The issue is not about ability. It is about confidence, self-concept and (dare I say it) personal choice.

A recent report by the European Institute for Gender Equality (2022) revealed that girls are less likely to see themselves as good at maths, even when they perform at the same level as boys. This lack of confidence discourages them from pursuing further studies in technical fields. As teachers, we need to be aware of the subtle messages we send that may reinforce these patterns.

I think this is an apt moment for me to suggest some further reading that may be of use to anyone who wants to empower their students and build their confidence:

  • Check out the power of Subtle Reinforcement, a concept I formalized and outlined back in 2018, which is a very impactful way to build character and self-belief in our students over time.
  • As teachers we tend to praise our students a lot, but praise is something that has to be deployed carefully in order for it to be effective. Read my blog post on the Four Rules of Praise to find out how you can give positive feedback that truly inspires, empowers and builds your students up.

All of our students deserve to be recognised for their efforts and have their work acknowledged, regardless of their gender. However, I think it’s important to bear in mind the findings of European Institute for Gender Equality cited above and remember that many of the girls we teach may have self-confidence issues, and we should aim to build them up, encourage them, empower them and refer them to other professionals if the need arises (e.g. school counsellors).

Mental Health and Gendered Experiences in School

Gender gaps in education are not only about achievement. They are also about well-being. A recent OECD study (2023) found that girls are more likely to report anxiety about schoolwork and a fear of failure, while boys are more likely to report boredom and a lack of connection with school.

This suggests that educational environments may not be equally supportive for all students. Girls may feel pressure to excel, leading to perfectionism and anxiety. Boys may feel alienated or disengaged, leading to underperformance. Both groups need support, but in different ways.

So What Can We Do?

As teachers, we are in a unique position to break cycles and challenge stereotypes. Here are some simple strategies I’ve used that can make a difference:

  • Model gender-neutral attitudes in classroom discussions. Avoid statements that imply certain subjects are more “for boys” or “for girls.” Everyone brings skills and abilities to the table, and we should acknowledge all of our students’ hopes, dreams and career aspirations.
  • Provide diverse role models in your curriculum. Highlight both male and female scientists, writers, leaders and thinkers. As a mathematics and science teacher, I have sometimes found it more challenging to find female examples of experts in these fields than male ones, but that has not deterred me from trying. I’ve certainly found that girls tend to connect more with the content when they can see that other females have accomplished greatness in the subject. Let’s keep our role models that we cite and reference varied!
  • Encourage all students to take risks, ask questions, and reflect on their learning. Confidence-building matters just as much as content. The classroom should be a space where questions, inquiry and problem-solving are welcomed. This, after all, promotes deep-learning (as opposed to surface learning) and keeps things inclusive.
  • Track participation patterns. Who is speaking the most? Who is holding back? Use this data to plan for more inclusive engagement. Make a mental note (or maybe a written one) of who your ‘shy’ students are and utilize techniques to reach them. Read my blog post on Five Strategies for Engaging Quiet, Shy and Withdrawn Students for specific advice.

Final Thoughts

So, does the gender gap in education really exist? Yes. But it is not always where we expect to find it. Girls may be topping the leaderboards academically, but they are also more likely to suffer from stress and pressure. Boys may seem carefree, but they are falling behind in literacy and disengaging from school.

As educators, our job is to stay curious and informed. Gender equity is not just about access anymore. It is about ensuring that every student feels safe, empowered, and supported to succeed. The more we understand the complex realities behind the data, the more we can make a meaningful difference in our classrooms.

Let’s keep listening, adapting, championing every learner, regardless of gender.

Bibliography

Department for Education (2021) Permanent and Fixed Period Exclusions in England: 2019 to 2020. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/permanent-and-fixed-period-exclusions-in-england-2019-to-2020

European Institute for Gender Equality (2022) Gender Equality Index 2022: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Care. Available at: https://eige.europa.eu/publications/gender-equality-index-2022

McKinsey & Company (2021) COVID-19 and Education: The Lingering Effects of Unfinished Learning. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/education/our-insights/covid-19-and-education-the-lingering-effects-of-unfinished-learning

OECD (2022) PISA 2018 Results: Are Students Ready to Thrive in an Interconnected World?. Paris: OECD Publishing. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/

OECD (2023) Education at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1787/eag-2023-en

UNESCO (2021) To Be Smart, the Digital Revolution Will Need to Be Inclusive. Paris: UNESCO. Available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000377193

UNESCO (2023) Global Education Monitoring Report 2023: Technology in Education. Paris: UNESCO. Available at: https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/2023-technology

World Health Organization (2021) Adolescent Mental Health. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health

Teaching in Troubled Times: How to Discuss War and Conflict with High School Students

Posted on by richardjamesrogers

An article by Richard James Rogers, award-winning author of The Quick Guide to Classroom Management: 45 Secrets That All High School Teachers Need to Know and The Power of Praise: Empowering Students Through Positive Feedback

This blog post has been beautifully illustrated by Pop Sutthiya Lertyongphati.

Accompanying podcast episode:

As an educator who’s been living and working in Thailand for almost 20 years, I’ve come to accept something many educators face globally: news of war and conflict walks into our classrooms whether we invite it or not. From the war between Russia and Ukraine to the recent Iran/Israel escalation, rising tensions between China and Taiwan, and the sporadic disputes along the Thai/Cambodian border, these aren’t just geopolitical headlines. For many of our students, they are anxiety-inducing, deeply personal, and inescapable parts of the world they’re growing up in.

And here’s something I’ve learned: you don’t have to be a history or global politics teacher to be asked tough questions about war. I’ve had discussions about current conflicts emerge during maths, science, and even PSHE lessons. The truth is, any high school teacher could be called to respond to these sensitive and complex issues. When that moment comes, how we respond matters more than what subject we teach.

Tip #1: Start by listening, not lecturing

In times of global conflict, students often bring their worries into the classroom unexpectedly. It might stem from what they’ve seen on TikTok, heard at home, or picked up from peers. I always begin these conversations by asking open-ended questions like:

“What have you heard?” or “How are you feeling about that?”

This allows me to assess their emotional state and the accuracy of their information. Research supports this approach: students are more likely to engage meaningfully in civic discourse when they feel safe and heard (Hess & McAvoy, 2014).

Tip #2: All teachers need to be ready for these conversations

Some colleagues have said to me, “That’s a humanities issue.” But I disagree. In today’s hyperconnected world, every teacher is potentially a sounding board for students’ emotional and intellectual processing of conflict.

In my own experience:

  • A student once asked me about nuclear war during a chemistry class.
  • Another wanted to know if the Middle East would be “dragged into” a wider regional conflict, right before a mathematics starter activity.
  • Others have written about conflict in science coursework assignments or referenced it during presentation work.

When we assume that only certain teachers handle these topics, we miss opportunities to support and guide students in the moments they need us most.

My award-winning book, available to purchase at Amazon.

Tip #3: Teach civil disagreement across all disciplines

Classroom discussions can become emotionally charged, especially in multicultural settings where students may have personal connections to conflicting regions. Teaching the skill of respectful dialogue is essential.

Even in subjects like science, maths, or business, I’ve found value in short protocols:

  • Set clear ground rules for discussion.
  • Use sentence stems like “I see it differently because…” or “That’s a good point, but I wonder…”.
  • Model calm, balanced responses if/when things get tense.

Respectful disagreement is a skill for life, not just for history class (Levine, 2007).

#4: Use conflict as a lens for interdisciplinary learning

Discussing war doesn’t have to derail your lesson. Instead, it can be an opportunity to connect your subject to real-world relevance. For example:

  • In science: Explore the physics behind missile technology or the effects of radiation exposure.
  • In ICT: Examine cyber warfare and its implications.
  • In maths: Use refugee migration data to teach statistics.
  • In business or economics: Analyze the financial impact of sanctions or military spending.

If you are able to think on your feet and get creative with linking the discussion to your content, then this can really assist in facilitating the deep learning process. If you’re bold enough, and if you have time, you could even get groups of students involved in some kind of project that links the conflict topic to your subject area: just be sure to provide some source material and lots of guidance along the way.

This makes learning more engaging while showing students that the world’s problems aren’t siloed into one academic subject.

#5: Equip students to evaluate information critically

In the age of algorithm-driven news feeds, students often encounter emotional and misleading content. As I highlighted in my earlier post on Responding Thoughtfully to Controversial Topics, we need to give students tools to navigate a flood of half-truths and sensationalism.

It’s a good idea to teach the CRAAP Test (Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose) in every subject area, not just humanities (Blakeslee, 2004). Using this, we can practice spotting bias in headlines, comparing different media sources, and fact-checking viral claims. Critical thinking belongs everywhere.

Tip #6: Maintain professional distance while being supportive

Sometimes these conversations can take a toll on us as teachers: especially if we feel pressured to take sides or reveal our own opinions. As I outlined in Maintaining Professional Distance as a High School Teacher, we must manage our emotional investment carefully.

We can care deeply about our students without making our classrooms emotionally overwhelming. Set clear boundaries, acknowledge uncertainty, and remind students that the classroom is a place for learning, not for political debate or division.

Tip #7: Always end with hope and human agency

Students need to know that while war is devastating, history is also filled with peacebuilders, diplomats, and communities who choose cooperation over destruction. I try my best to end conversations about conflict with examples of:

  • International aid workers
  • Diplomats resolving crises
  • Youth-led movements promoting peace

Research suggests that when young people feel hopeful and empowered, they are better able to cope with the stress of global challenges (Ojala, 2012). Even simple class projects, like creating awareness posters or writing letters to NGOs, can help foster this sense of agency.

War and conflict are difficult to teach about. They stir up emotion, uncertainty, and fear. But if we shy away from these conversations, we risk leaving students alone with their questions and worries. It’s not about having all the answers. It’s about creating safe spaces to explore difficult topics with honesty, empathy, and intellectual courage.

And remember, you don’t have to be a history teacher to make a lasting impact. You just need to be present, prepared, and willing to guide the conversation with care.

Bibliography and references

Blakeslee, S. (2004). The CRAAP Test. Meriam Library, California State University. Available at: https://library.csuchico.edu/sites/default/files/craap-test.pdf [Accessed 21 Jun. 2025].

Hess, D. and McAvoy, P. (2014). The Political Classroom: Evidence and Ethics in Democratic Education. New York: Routledge.

International Crisis Group (2024). Conflict Watch 2024: Flashpoints to Monitor. Available at: https://www.crisisgroup.org/global/10-conflicts-watch-2024 [Accessed 21 Jun. 2025].

Levine, P. (2007). The Future of Democracy: Developing the Next Generation of American Citizens. Medford: Tufts University Press.

Ojala, M. (2012). Hope and climate change: The importance of hope for environmental engagement among young people. Environmental Education Research, 18(5), pp.625–642.

Wardle, C. and Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policymaking. Council of Europe. Available at: https://rm.coe.int/information-disorder-report-version-august-2018/16808c9c77 [Accessed 21 Jun. 2025].

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The Global Teacher Shortage: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions

Posted on by richardjamesrogers

An article by Richard James Rogers (Award-Winning Author of The Quick Guide to Classroom Management and The Power of Praise: Empowering Students Through Positive Feedback). This blog post is illustrated by Pop Sutthiya Lertyongphati.

Don’t forget to check out the full bibliography and recommended reading list at the end of this blog post.

The world is grappling with a significant teacher shortage crisis. According to UNESCO, an additional 44 million teachers are needed by 2030 to achieve universal primary and secondary education (UNESCO, 2024). This shortage is not just a statistic; it has profound implications for the quality of education and the future of societies worldwide.

A simple glance through teacher forums, such the incredibly popular International Schools Review, reveals a dark abyss that’s peppered with bleak testimonials:

“I believe that many of my colleagues feel unheard and mistreated – this has been shown time and again in our staff surveys. Of course, someone in the inner sanctum would not be subject to the toxic, exclusionary, bullying behaviour meted out by SLT; it does not mean it does not exist. Some colleagues are leaving this academic year due to feeling disenfranchised.“

– A teacher at a school in Singapore, May 2025

“The school is working to improve vertical curriculum alignment, but since the school has been in operation for many years, it is surprising that the curriculum is such a mess, at least in the department I taught in. I think that will get better in the next few years though. If you order your materials the year before, you can get things, but don’t expect to have them at the beginning of the school year. If you need classroom supplies like pencils, markers, erasers, etc, good luck.”

– A teacher at a school in Brazil, May 2025

“Walking through the corridors is akin to walking through a zoo. Children scream, shout and run about with no regard for safety. No teacher dares make an attempt to challenge this behaviour for various reasons. Two of which are fear of the parents and lack of support from the principal.”

– A teacher at a school in Kazakhstan, May 2025

These reviews, and others like them, offer some insight into the world of teaching at an international level, and go some way to explaining why so many teachers are quitting the profession. In today’s blog post, I aim to describe the key factors that are driving this exodus, and describe some much needed advice for all stakeholders who want to retain their brightest and best teachers for years to come.

Understanding the Crisis

Several factors are contributing to the current global teacher shortage:

  • High Attrition Rates: Many teachers are leaving the profession due to burnout, low salaries, and lack of support. In the United States, for example, 51,000 teachers quit their jobs in 2023 alone (Devlin Peck, 2025).
  • Uneven Distribution: Rural and underserved areas often struggle more with teacher shortages, exacerbating educational inequalities (UNESCO, 2024).
  • Aging Workforce: A significant portion of the teaching workforce is nearing retirement, and there aren’t enough new teachers to replace them (Devlin Peck, 2025).

Impacts on Education

When there aren’t enough teachers in schools, this leads to:

  • Larger Class Sizes: Overcrowded classrooms make it challenging to provide individual attention to students (UNESCO, 2024).
  • Reduced Educational Quality: Unqualified or overburdened teachers may not deliver the curriculum effectively, impacting student learning outcomes (Education Week, 2025).
  • Increased Inequality: Disadvantaged communities suffer the most, widening the education gap between different socioeconomic groups (UNESCO, 2024).

Strategies for Addressing the Shortage

To mitigate the teacher shortage crisis, stakeholders can consider the following approaches:

#1: Enhancing Teacher Training and Support

  • Mentorship Programs: Implementing structured mentorship can help new teachers acclimate and reduce early-career attrition (Frontline Education, 2025).
  • Professional Development: Ongoing training opportunities keep teachers engaged and improve teaching quality (Education Week, 2025). One of my favourite platforms for this is the excellent Great Teaching Toolkit. My Blog Index for Teachers is also a very popular for those seeking free, yet high-quality, CPD material.

#2: Improving Compensation and Working Conditions

  • Competitive Salaries: Offering salaries that reflect the importance of the teaching profession can attract and retain talent (Devlin Peck, 2025). If pull factors, such as decent pay, are not present to begin with then many fresh graduates are simply not going to choose teaching as a profession.
  • Work-Life Balance: Flexible working arrangements and manageable workloads can reduce burnout (The Guardian, 2024).

With respect to managing workloads we must not forget about teachers who work online, too. Jessica Robinson from The Speaking Polymath write this great post for me back in 2022 with some good tips for preventing burnout whilst teaching online.

#3: Alternative Pathways into Teaching

  • Career Changers: Encouraging professionals from other fields to transition into teaching can bring diverse experiences into the classroom (Education Week, 2025).
  • Residency Programs: Programs like Urban Teacher Residencies provide hands-on training and have shown success in retaining teachers in high-need areas (Wikipedia, 2023).

#4: Policy Interventions

  • Legislative Support: Policies that provide financial incentives, such as student loan forgiveness or housing assistance, can make teaching more attractive (UNESCO, 2024).
  • Streamlining Certification: Simplifying the certification process without compromising quality can help fill vacancies more quickly (New York Post, 2025).

What does the future hold?

In addition to the above points, there’s a massive issue looming in the background that virtually no one is talking about: People simply aren’t having as many babies as they used to. Fertility rates have been falling steadily across much of the developed world for decades, and many countries are now well below the replacement rate of 2.1 children per woman. For example, South Korea’s fertility rate hit a record low of 0.72 in 2023, while countries like Japan (1.26), Italy (1.22), and China (1.09) are also experiencing unprecedented demographic decline (World Bank, 2024; United Nations, 2023).

This trend has profound implications for the future of education. While teacher shortages are currently critical, the long-term demand for teachers is likely to decline as school-age populations shrink. According to projections by the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the number of children aged 5–14 will decline significantly in many high-income countries by 2050. This suggests that some of today’s recruitment pressures may ease over time: not due to systemic reform, but because of demographic inevitability (UN DESA, 2022).

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In essence, what this means is that current teacher shortages are likely to persist for a good while yet but by around 2050 we may see an inversion of this scenario as far fewer children exist to begin with. With the advent of generative AI, and it’s subsequent widespread adoption, we may soon see the role of educator becoming fully automated as schools cut back on salaries due to low student numbers.

Conclusion

The teacher shortage is a multifaceted issue requiring coordinated efforts from governments, educational institutions, and communities. By investing in teacher support, improving working conditions, and implementing innovative recruitment strategies, we can work towards a future where every child has access to quality education delivered by qualified and motivated teachers.

In terms of the longer term plan for teachers (i.e. 20 – 40 years down the road), I advise everyone to keep busy with studies and acquire as many skills as you can – we may soon be replaced by automated systems, and the ability to seamlessly transfer to another profession, or to capitalise on your skills in a business capacity, will be a tremendous advantage (hence my development of Corporate Training programs, which are becoming incredibly popular).

References

Starting Out as an SLT Member: What I Learned from the Experts

Posted on by richardjamesrogers

A blog post by Richard James Rogers (Award-Winning Author of The Quick Guide to Classroom Management and The Power of Praise: Empowering Students Through Positive Feedback). This blog post has been beautifully illustrated by Pop Sutthiya Lertyongphati.

Accompanying podcast episode:

Stepping into a senior leadership team (SLT) role for the first time can be both exhilarating and daunting. Recently, I was appointed as the Acting Head of Secondary at an international school in Thailand, and to gain deeper insights into the role, I reached out to SLT members in other schools for their best advice. Their responses provided me with invaluable lessons that I am now applying in my leadership journey.

1. SLT Isn’t as Powerful as It Seems

Many teachers assume that SLT has the final say in all matters, but in reality, leadership is often constrained by a Board of Governors, school owners, or a Board of Directors. These higher authorities set overarching policies, approve budgets, and have the last word on major decisions. SLT members must navigate these constraints while trying to implement the best possible strategies for students and staff.

2. Deadlines Matter More Than You Think

As teachers, we often view deadlines as an administrative requirement, but from an SLT perspective, meeting them is crucial for the school’s smooth operation. For instance, exam data must be submitted on time so that SLT can analyze results, track progress, and prepare official entries for exam boards. When one deadline is missed, it creates a domino effect, leading to further disruptions down the line.

3. Gossiping Teachers Are Known

While it may feel harmless to engage in workplace gossip, SLT is aware of staff who indulge in it. This kind of behavior can damage professional reputations and undermine trust within the school community. Maintaining professionalism in discussions about colleagues and policies is always the best approach. In fact, this is such an important issue that I wrote about it explicitly in my award-winning book (The Quick Guide to Classroom Management). I have also written a special blog post on the subject matter of gossiping, and its particularly harmful effects in a school setting, here.

4. Complainers Are Noticed

Constructive feedback is always welcomed, but chronic complainers do get noticed. A teacher who frequently complains without offering solutions can be perceived as negative, which doesn’t reflect well when SLT considers leadership potential or responsibilities. Handle day-to-day frustrations professionally, and you’ll soon be recognised as someone who is resilient, trustworthy and likeable.

5. SLT Work Extensively—Even During Holidays

Many assume SLT members simply delegate work, but in reality, they work tirelessly, often sacrificing their holidays to ensure the school runs smoothly. From recruitment to budget planning, from curriculum development to policy implementation, the workload is substantial and ongoing.

6. Awkward Conversations Are Necessary

No one enjoys difficult conversations, but SLT members have a responsibility to address issues such as poor performance, safeguarding concerns, and disciplinary actions. These conversations are rarely personal; they are about ensuring the highest standards for students and maintaining a professional working environment. If you find yourself sitting in a conversation like this, with an SLT member who feels the need to call you out about something, then read my advice on how best to deal with that, here (look for tip #3)

7. SLT Is Built on Trust

Senior leadership is a high-trust position. You don’t get there without demonstrating integrity, reliability, and a strong work ethic. Trust is the foundation of effective leadership, and once lost, it is difficult to regain.

8. SLT Members Communicate With Each Other

If you fall out with one SLT member, assume that others will be aware. Leadership teams function best when there is unity and transparency, meaning that significant issues, concerns, or conflicts are often discussed collectively.

9. Hard Work and Dedication Stand Out

One of the most reassuring pieces of advice I received was that SLT recognizes hard work. Dedicated, competent teachers who go above and beyond are always noticed, even if appreciation isn’t always vocalized. If you want to stand out for the right reasons, being consistent, reliable, and proactive is key.

10. SLT Looks at Patterns to Make Decisions

Leadership isn’t about making decisions based on isolated incidents. SLT analyzes trends in staff absences, exam performance, student behavior, and other key indicators to make informed decisions. Understanding this broader perspective helps in appreciating why certain policies and actions are taken.

Final Thoughts

Becoming a member of SLT is a journey filled with learning curves, challenges, and opportunities for growth. The advice I received highlights the importance of professionalism, trust, and diligence in leadership. As I navigate my new role, these insights serve as guiding principles, helping me to become a more effective and understanding leader.

To those stepping into leadership for the first time: embrace the learning process, build strong relationships, and remember that every decision you make has an impact beyond what is immediately visible. Leadership is not about power—it’s about responsibility, vision, and making a difference in the lives of students and staff.

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Australia’s Social Media Ban for Under-16s: A Bold Step with Educational Benefits

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A blog post by Richard James Rogers (Award-Winning Author of The Quick Guide to Classroom Management and The Power of Praise: Empowering Students Through Positive Feedback). This blog post has been beautifully illustrated by Pop Sutthiya Lertyongphati.

Australia’s recent decision to implement a social media ban for under-16s has sparked heated debates. Whilst I, and many educators I am in contact with, are mainly pleased with this decision (as we can see the many benefits that the ban will have for children’s physical and mental health), the opposition remains large and vehement. People who are against the ban are mainly asserting that rights are being stripped away from children who have already had access to these devices; that children will be able to beat the system anyway using software like VPNs; and that regulation should have happened way back in the 90s, when the internet was first ‘let loose’ on the general public. John Roskam, Columnist at The Australian Financial Review, even went so far as to call the ban a “joke”.

From an educational perspective, however, I see this ban as a bold step toward safeguarding our students’ well-being. As educators, we are deeply invested in the holistic growth of our learners, and this move addresses several critical issues that have plagued young people in the digital age. Back in 2018, for example, I wrote a lengthy blog post that described the devasting effect that screen time was having on children’s health. Writing that blog post all of those years ago was an eye-opener for me, as I discovered that extensive and well-respected research had already shown that smartphone usage was causing, or correlating, with:

With respect to social media specifically, a research summary by the Telegraph stated that teenagers were spending “hours and hours” of free time scrolling through social media.

All of these negative effects of screen time were highlighted back in 2018, and even earlier in some cases. Things have gotten much worse since then, in my opinion. Perhaps the Australian Government have intervened too late, as some have already suggested, but isn’t being late better that than never doing anything?

What follows next are my thoughts on why this ban is, generally speaking, a good thing for the children of Australia.

Benefit of the Ban #1: Tackling Cyberbullying at Its Roots

Cyberbullying is an ever-present issue in schools. The anonymity and instant connectivity of social media have created an environment where hurtful comments and harmful behaviors can thrive. In my various roles over the years as a homeroom teacher, form tutor and in middle and senior management, I have seen firsthand the ways in which very young children sometimes use groups on social media to spread gossip and hateful posts about their peers. By restricting access for under-16s, this ban could significantly reduce the avenues for online harassment.

Imagine classrooms where students are less distracted by the emotional toll of negative online interactions. As educators, this gives us the opportunity to foster environments of respect and kindness without the shadow of digital cruelty hanging over our learners.

What Can Teachers Do?

We can use our curriculum time to reinforce positive communication skills in our classrooms. Role-playing exercises, restorative practices, collaboration tasks, and open discussions about empathy can help students build the tools they need for respectful interactions: both online and offline. A good PSHE curriculum can certainly facilitate this and hopefully prepare students for the world of social media when they are old enough to legally use it.

Benefit of the Ban #2: Protecting Reputations for the Long Haul

We’ve all seen it: students impulsively sharing photos, videos, or comments that seem funny or harmless in the moment but have lasting consequences. Social media has no “undo” button when it comes to reputations. Posts made in teenage years can resurface in adulthood, often causing embarrassment or even career challenges. Even teachers, the people that society respects and values so highly, can get caught up in the ‘free-spirited’ looseness of social media, posting content that can, and has, destroyed many careers.

By limiting access to social media, this ban gives students the chance to mature and develop better judgment before stepping into a world where every post becomes a permanent record. It’s an opportunity to teach our students about digital footprints and responsible digital citizenship. I, for example, use my Instagram and Facebook profiles to showcase this blog, my workshops and the professional content I produce. When social media is viewed as a ‘reputation builder’, it really can become quite powerful. In my case, it has even made me ‘Google Famous’ (see below):

What Can Teachers Do?

Integrate lessons on media literacy and online reputation management into your curriculum. Help students understand the weight of their online actions through scenarios, case studies, and class discussions. By equipping them with this knowledge now, they’ll be better prepared to navigate social media responsibly when the time comes.

Benefit of the Ban #3: Promoting Positive Body Image

Social media platforms are notorious for promoting unrealistic beauty standards. Algorithms often amplify content that emphasizes perfection, leading young people to compare themselves to heavily edited and curated images. This can contribute to anxiety, low self-esteem, and even eating disorders.

With this ban, we have a unique opportunity to reframe how our students see themselves. They can spend more time building self-confidence based on real-life achievements, relationships, and personal growth, rather than striving to meet unattainable online ideals.

What Can Teachers Do?

Encourage classroom activities that build self-esteem. Art projects that celebrate individuality, storytelling sessions where students share what they value about themselves, or even health lessons on media manipulation can help counteract the negative effects of social media. I’ve written a separate blog post on how teachers can build student self-confidence, here.

Supporting Students Through the Transition

Of course, this ban doesn’t come without challenges. Students who’ve grown up with social media may struggle to adjust. As educators, we are perfectly placed to guide them through this change with empathy and proactive strategies.

  • Encourage Offline Connections: Create opportunities for students to engage in collaborative projects, clubs, and team-building activities.
  • Focus on Digital Alternatives: Introduce educational platforms like Google Classroom, Seneca, or Desmos Classroom to show students the constructive ways technology can be used.
  • Model Responsible Technology Use: Be transparent about how you use technology as a professional tool, demonstrating balance and intentionality.

A Golden Opportunity for Education

While the social media ban for under-16s is a bold move, I see it as a gift for educators. It’s a chance to reclaim our students’ attention, nurture their self-esteem, and equip them with the tools they need for a healthier, more mindful relationship with technology.

Whilst the opposition to the ban remains strong, I see the ban as passing a cost/benefit analysis: the benefits outweigh the costs.

What are your thoughts on the ban? Let’s continue the conversation in the comments!

Bibliography and recommended further reading

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10 Festive Activities to Use in Your High School Classroom

Posted on by richardjamesrogers

A blog post by Richard James Rogers (Award-Winning Author of The Quick Guide to Classroom Management and The Power of Praise: Empowering Students Through Positive Feedback). This blog post has been beautifully illustrated by Pop Sutthiya Lertyongphati.

With the holiday season approaching, it’s a great time to add some festive flair to the classroom. A little Christmas cheer can go a long way in boosting motivation, engagement, and excitement while keeping learning on track. In today’s blog post, I will describe ten fun and educational Christmas-themed activities to bring the season to life in your high school classroom. So, put on your Santa hat, hang up your stockings, put your feet up, sip a mug of hot chocolate and enjoy today’s article!

#1: Get Creative with Christmas Writing Prompts 🎄

Nothing sparks creativity quite like a holiday story! Give students some festive writing prompts, such as:

  • “Tell the story of Christmas from the perspective of an ornament.”
  • “Describe a winter holiday in a futuristic, dystopian world.”

These prompts let students flex their storytelling skills while channeling the spirit of the season. Encourage them to share their stories with the class or display them around the room for a festive reading gallery. Journal Buddies has a great website containing 54 Christmas writing prompts that you may wish to use.

#2: Dive Into Holiday Economics 💰

Even if mathematics or economics is not your subject specialism, bringing numeracy into your lessons will help with your students holistic development. With this in mind, it’s important to note that the Christmas season provides a fascinating case study for economics/mathematics/numeracy lessons. Ask students to research topics like the impact of holiday spending on the economy, or the marketing strategies of big brands during the holiday season. For example, they might explore the rise in spending on Black Friday vs. Christmas Eve or compare global holiday traditions and their economic impact. This kind of activity makes economics relevant and relatable by connecting it to topics that students may already find intriguing.

This brilliant article by University of Lincoln lecturers, Davina Bird and Jane Charlesworth, explores how historical economic philosophers, such as Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill, might view modern Christmas spending habits. Articles like this could be used as great resources for group Google Slides presentations in your PSHE lessons, for example.

#3: Crack Some Christmas Mathematics Puzzles 🎅

Add some holiday fun to maths with Christmas-themed puzzles and codebreaking activities. Students can calculate the cost of each gift in “The Twelve Days of Christmas” (hello, multiplication and percentages!) or decode holiday-themed messages through basic cryptography. These activities make math hands-on and festive, giving students a fresh perspective on how math applies to real-world (and holiday!) scenarios.

A great resource for Christmas codebreaking activities is Christmas Unplugged Coding Activities for Kids by ourfamilycode.com. The site contains eight brilliant activities that help students to develop their logical reasoning and problem-solving skills, whilst utilizing Christmas themes. It’s well worth a visit!

#4: Secret Santa Book Swap 📚

Spread the gift of reading by organizing a Secret Santa-style book exchange. Each student brings in a book they’ve read and loved, wrapped and labeled with hints instead of a title. Students then choose a book “blindly” based on the hints alone. This activity adds a fun surprise element and might just introduce students to new genres they hadn’t considered before. This may be something that you wish to get the school librarian involved in, too.

#5: Chemistry of Gingerbread Baking Experiment 🧪

Who says chemistry can’t be delicious? Use gingerbread or holiday cookies to teach students about the Maillard reaction (the browning that occurs in baking). Discuss how different ingredients interact and cause chemical reactions. If possible, take it a step further by baking in class: nothing says “hands-on learning” like a classroom that smells of gingerbread!

If you’re keen to do the gingerbread thing with your students, then Science Sparks have created this page that has clear instructions, printouts and loads of ideas. Check it out!

#6: Christmas Traditions Around the World 🌎

Bring global awareness to your holiday festivities with a “Christmas Around the World” presentation project. Assign each student (or group) a country and have them research how it celebrates Christmas or similar winter holidays. Students can share unique customs, foods, and music with the class, providing everyone with a glimpse into different cultures while developing research and presentation skills.

History.com has produced this brilliant site that covers Christmas traditions in fourteen different locations. Perhaps you could use Wheel of Names to assign a country from this list to each group of students?

#7: DIY Christmas Ornaments 🎨

Combine art and science by having students design and make ornaments based on physics concepts like balance and center of gravity. For example, they can make hanging decorations that are symmetrically weighted or create ornaments that stay upright through clever balancing. It’s a creative way to bring physics to life, and you’ll get some unique classroom decorations out of it, too!

Sitter.co.uk have come up with this brilliant blog post that outlines fifteen types of Christmas decorations that kids can make in the classroom, or at home. My personal favourite are the homemade snow globes (number 7).

#8: Historical Christmas Debate 🎤

This is a great one for your Model United Nations club, PSHE, History, English or Drama lessons.

Dive into the origins of Christmas traditions with a lively classroom debate. Students can research topics like “Has Christmas become too commercialized?” or “What are the true origins of Santa Claus?” Not only does this get students talking, but it also encourages critical thinking and research. Plus, debates are a fun way to mix things up and get everyone involved.

ESL Kids Games have got a webpage up that provides some ideas, and instructions, for such a debate.

#9: Christmas Movie Analysis 🍿

Why not bring some holiday classics into the classroom? Choose a Christmas movie or episode of a series and analyze its themes, characters, or symbolism. A Christmas Carol could be an interesting choice, or something like Home Alone for a more contemporary twist. You could even discuss the impact of holiday movies on popular culture. This activity helps students apply literary analysis to popular media, making the skills they’re learning more accessible and relatable.

Marisa Lascala at goodhousekeeping.com has complied an excellent list of 74 Christmas movies that are suitable for kids (i.e., not Die Hard!). Check it out!

#10: A Classroom Charity Project 🤝

Finally, what better way to celebrate the season of giving than with a classroom charity project? Organize a drive to collect canned goods, clothing, or toys for a local shelter. Alternatively, students could make holiday cards for a nursing home or even bake treats to sell, donating the proceeds to a cause they choose. A holiday charity project fosters empathy, encourages teamwork, and shows students the impact they can have on their community.

If you’re struggling to find local charities to donate to, then fear not: Whit Hunter at betterworld.org has written this great piece that provides step-by-step instructions and tools to help you find local organizations that are working with the needy.

Conclusion

These ten activities will bring the spirit of the season into the classroom, creating a festive environment where students can learn, share, and grow together. Whether you’re tackling mathematics problems, analyzing movies, or baking gingerbread, a dash of holiday cheer can make the classroom a magical place. 🎄

Recommended further reading

Encouraging Creativity in the Classroom: Essential Tips for Teachers
Using Google Apps in Teaching
5 Ways to Use The School Library With Your Students

What is Dual Coding?

Posted on by richardjamesrogers

A blog post by Richard James Rogers (Award-Winning Author of The Quick Guide to Classroom Management and The Power of Praise: Empowering Students Through Positive Feedback). This blog post has been beautifully illustrated by Pop Sutthiya Lertyongphati.

Accompanying podcast episode:

As educators, we’re always on the lookout for strategies that can enhance our students’ understanding and retention of information. One such strategy that has gained significant attention in recent years is dual coding. But what exactly is dual coding, and how can it be applied in our classrooms to make a tangible difference? Drawing from my own experiences since I started teaching Science and Maths in 2006, let’s dive into the concept and its practical application.

Dual coding in one sentence

Combine good visuals with good verbals, and combine good verbals with good visuals.

Dual coding fundamentals

Dual coding is the process of combining verbal and visual information to improve learning. The idea is simple: when students are presented with both words and images that complement each other, they are more likely to understand and remember the material. This approach taps into the brain’s ability to process visual and verbal information through separate channels, creating a more robust memory trace.

The main thing that educators misunderstand about dual coding is that it’s ‘something we do all the the time as teachers’. But is this really true? How often do we slow down and take the time to pair a good visual with a clear verbal description?

Why dual coding works

From my experience, dual coding works because it leverages the strengths of both visual and verbal memory. When I first started teaching, I noticed that some students struggled to grasp complex concepts through words alone. It wasn’t until I began incorporating diagrams, flowcharts, and other visual aids that I saw a noticeable improvement in their understanding. For instance, explaining the water cycle in a science lesson became much more effective when I paired my explanation with a simple, clear diagram that illustrated the process. In mathematics, verbally describing each stage of a long calculation slowly, as I wrote the steps or delineated schematics, tended to help students understand the operations they had to follow better than if I just wrote the method without commentary.

Dual coding also reduces the cognitive load on students. When information is presented in both visual and verbal formats (and is presented slowly), students don’t have to work as hard to understand the content. This allows them to focus more on processing and retaining the information rather than trying to decode what’s being said or shown. In my maths classes, using visual representations of problems (like number lines or geometric figures) has helped students better understand abstract concepts, leading to more successful problem-solving.

Practical Tips for Using Dual Coding in the Classroom

  • Combine Text with Images: Start by integrating simple visuals with your explanations. For example, when teaching trigonometry, pair each formula with a corresponding triangle diagram. This helps students see the connection between the abstract formula and its practical application.
  • Use Flowcharts and Diagrams: When covering processes or sequences, such as the steps in solving an algebraic equation, use flowcharts to visually represent each step. This not only helps students follow along but also allows them to see the logical progression of the solution.
  • Encourage Students to Create Their Own Visuals: Involve your students in the dual coding process by having them create their own diagrams or sketches. This could be as simple as drawing a quick sketch to represent a concept or creating a more detailed Mind Map® of a topic. I’ve found that when students take ownership of the visuals, their understanding deepens.

My Experience with Dual Coding

One of the most memorable successes I’ve had with dual coding was when teaching a particularly challenging topic in physics: electromagnetic induction. Despite my best efforts to explain it verbally, many students were still confused. I decided to create a step-by-step visual guide that illustrated the process of induction, from the movement of the conductor through the magnetic field to the generation of current. The combination of this visual guide with my verbal explanation transformed the lesson. Students who had previously been disengaged suddenly became more confident, asking questions and even helping their peers understand the concept.

In another instance, while teaching a maths class on probability, I used tree diagrams alongside verbal explanations. The visual representation of different outcomes made the concept much clearer, and students were better able to tackle complex problems involving multiple stages of probability.

Final thoughts

Dual coding is a powerful tool in the educator’s toolkit, one that can make a significant difference in how students process and retain information. By combining verbal explanations with visual aids, we can cater to different learning needs, reduce cognitive load, and make our lessons more engaging and effective.

As I reflect on my teaching journey since 2006, I can confidently say that dual coding has been a game-changer in my classroom. I encourage you to experiment with it in your own teaching practice. The results might just surprise you!